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Journal article
Rising Tide: Art and Environment in Oceania
In August 2023, Rising Tide: Art and Environment in Oceania opened at the National Museum of Scotland. The exhibition considers how life depends on the ocean and presents various ways in which individuals within Oceania are working to protect it through the medium of artistic practice. From the start, we...Clark, Alison ; Dawson, Jan ; Duffy, Declan
Oceania, artistic practice, re-use, Rising Tide: Art and Environment in Oceania , exhibition, recycle, and sustainability
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Newspaper article
How contemporary collecting will show future generations who we are
A big part of the National Museum of Scotland’s mandate is to acquire new artefacts, not least in the area of sustainability and climate change to help inspire and engage those who visit, writes Dr Ellie SwinbankSwinbank, Ellie
Sustainability strategy , climate change , biodiversity loss, cutting-edge developments, National Museums Scotland, contemporary collecting , and museum collections
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Journal article
Diversification history and morphological evolution of larks
Larks (Alaudidae) constitute one of the avian families best adapted to xeric environments, having colonized a wide suite of open habitats including deserts. Although their highest diversity is in Africa, larks occur on all nonpolar continents. We tested whether larks exhibit exceptional and/or correlated shifts in the tempos of speciation...García-Navas, Vicente ; Stervander, Martin ; Alström, Per
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Journal article
Supplement to the Burmese (Myanmar) amber checklist and bibliography, 2023
This is a supplement to the Burmese (Myanmar) amber checklist and bibliography covering taxa described or recorded during 2023, plus a couple of earlier records that were missed previously. Up to the end of 2023, 2,781 species have been recorded from Kachin amber, of which 244 were named in 2023;...Ross, Andrew J
Invertebrates , Cretaceous, Plants, Myanmar , Arachnids, Burmese Amber , and Insects
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Journal article
A review of early historical records of Collared Pratincoles in Britain, and new British first records of Collared, Black-winged and Oriental Pratincoles
This paper reviews 25 nineteenth- and one early twentieth-century British records of Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola. It follows the recent acceptance of a British first record by the British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee (BOURC) from North Meols, Lancashire & North Merseyside, in 1805. Subsequent records were reviewed using the published...McGowan, Robert Y
bird sighting records, Collared Pratincole , Glareola pratincola, and British
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Journal article
Insular evolution from an archaeological perspective: a case study of Orkney house mouse
Archaeological material adds a temporal dimension to evolutionary studies that is valuable for elucidating long-term population stability and evolutionary shifts for species closely associated with humans. Here, a two-dimensional geometric morphometrics approach on first upper molars was applied to modern and archaeological samples to assess the evolution of house mice... -
Journal article
Evolutionary novelties underlie sound production in baleen whales
Baleen whales (mysticetes) use vocalizations to mediate their complex social and reproductive behaviours in vast, opaque marine environments1. Adapting to an obligate aquatic lifestyle demanded fundamental physiological changes to efficiently produce sound, including laryngeal specializations2,3,4. Whereas toothed whales (odontocetes) evolved a nasal vocal organ5, mysticetes have been thought to use...Elemans, Coen P H ; Jiang, Weili ; Jensen, Mikkel H ; Pichler, Helena ; Mussman, Bo R …
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Newspaper article
Following the map to a time and place
A staggering 34.2 million maps were made by the British Armed Forces during the Second World War. A new display at the National War Museum in Edinburgh Castle traces their vital role in the war effort, the evolving technology used to produce them and their post war place as mementos...Gibb, Julie
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Journal article
Caridoid crustaceans from the Ballagan Formation (Tournaisian, Lower Carboniferous) of Willie's Hole, Chirnside, Scottish Borders, UK
The descriptions of two co-occurring cardioid crustaceans from the Ballagan Formation (Tournaisian, Lower Carboniferous) of Chirnside, Scottish Borders, help to resolve the taxonomy of the genus Tealliocaris. Tealliocaris robusta Peach, 1908 is assigned to Schramocaris to form S. robusta (Peach, 1908) comb. nov. on the basis of morphological characters such...Clark, Neil D L ; Ross, Andrew J
Scotland , Tealliocarididae , Crustacea , Mississippian , Eumalacostraca , and Tealliocaris
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Journal article
2. SCOTLAND
NORTH OF THE ANTONINE WALL: Tap o'Noth and Longforgan THE ANTONINE WALL: Seabegs Wood, Milnquarter, Bonnyside East, Rough Castle, Mumrills and Bo'ness SOUTH OF THE ANTONINE WALL: Castle GregHunter, Fraser
Roman Scotland, industrial activity, Military Way, hillforts, Antonine Wall, fortlet, archaeological excavations , and camps
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Journal article
Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, 2003: a remarkable marine archosauromorph from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China
The non-archosauriform archosauromorph Dinocephalosaurus orientalis was first described from the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation (late Anisian, Middle Triassic) of Guizhou Province by Li in 2003 on the basis of a complete articulated skull and the first three cervical vertebrae exposed in dorsal to right lateral view. Since then,...Spiekman, Stephan N F ; Wang, Wei ; Zhao , Lijun ; Rieppel , Olivier ; Fraser, Nicholas C …
non-archosauriform , marine reptile , southern China, and late Anisian
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Journal article
Shackleton and Bruce: disentangling Antarctic geological collections at National Museums Scotland
Amongst the Antarctic geological specimens held by National Museums Scotland are those from collections made during early 20th Century expeditions led by William Speirs Bruce and Ernest Shackleton. Historical circumstances and ambiguous labelling led to the Shack- leton material, from his 1907–1909 Nimrod expedition, being incorporated into the Bruce collection...Stone, Philip ; Walcott, Rachel ; Aspen, Peder
Ernest Shackleton, William Speirs Bruce , Nimrod Expedition, Antarctic geological specimens, and museum collections
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Journal article
Somerset ichthyosaurs and Quaker philanthropy: Alfred Gillett, William Stephens Clark and the geological museum in the Crispin Hall, Street.
In 1885, William Stephens Clark (1839-1925) built and opened the Crispin Hall in the village of Street, Somerset, to house its Working Men's Club & Institute. The new complex provided a room for a geological museum set up by Clark's cousin Alfred Gillett (1814-1904), and formally opened in 1887 with...Taylor, Michael A
Crispin Hall, Street, William Stephens Clark , Geological Museum, Quaker philanthropy, museology, ichthyosaurs , social improvement, C. & J. Clark Ltd, and Alfred Gillett
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Journal article
Reared specimens of western Palaearctic Ophion Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) in the National Museums of Scotland
Following recent changes to the taxonomy of north-western European Fabricius, 1798, species, host records are updated and new records presented for these nocturnal, koinobiont endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae. Rearing data are presented for 22 species with two species re-described. Five species are recorded as new to Britain and Ireland.Shaw, Mark R ; Broad, Gavin R
NEW SPECIES, EUROPE, ICHNEUMONOIDEA, BRITAIN, MUSEUM COLLECTION, IRELAND, LEPIDOPTERA, and PARASITOID
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Journal article
Obtaining, recording and using host data for reared parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera)
To redress the failings of the past, strong advice and protocols are given for appropriately recording the data of reared parasitoids, with particular emphasis on blithey overlooking the actual host. A concept of audited rearings (with exact recovery of host remains and parasitoid cocoons for each parasitoid reared) as opposed...Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Deletion of the genus Aspicolpus Wesmael, 1838 from the British list, and a near-certain host for Vadumasonium vardyorum van Achterberg & Broad, 2013 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Brachistinae, Diospilini)
Errors of various kinds, including records of country occurrence and biological properties, that creep into the published entomological literature always cause problems because they are very difficult to expunge, even when it becomes clear from later experience that they really muse be errors. For species of parasitoid wasps these problems...Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
A key to European species of Hyposoter Förster, 1869(Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) with descriptions of 18 new species, and notes on all included species
An identification key is presented to European species of Hyposoter falling morphologically within the definition of Townes (1970). Eighteen new species are described: Hyposoter aglyphus Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. albosignatus Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. castaneus Galsworthy & Shaw sp. nov., H. flavicoxa Galsworthy & Shaw sp....Galsworthy, Anthony ; Shaw, Mark R ; Haraldseide, Håkon
TAXONOMY , DISTRIBUTION , HOST , LEPIDOPTERA, NEW SPECIES, HYMENOPTERA , and PARASITOID
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Journal article
A New Genus of Ricaniidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from the Late Eocene Bembridge Marls, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
A new monospecific fossil genus of ricaniid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae), Worako gen. nov., is described with Worako yulei sp. nov. The fossil is reported from the Late Eocene Insect Bed of the Bembridge Marls, Isle of Wight, UK. It is the second record of Ricaniidae from these strata and...Stroiński, Adam ; Ross, Andrew J ; Szwedo, Jacek
Fulgoroidea , Europe, morphology, fossil material , and taxonomy
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Journal article
Case 3860 – Stygnidae Handlirsch, 1906 (Arthropoda, Insecta, order incertae sedis): proposed emendation of spelling to Stygneidae to remove homonymy with Stygnidae Simon, 1879 (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Opiliones)
The purpose of this application, under Article 55.3.1 of the Code, is to remove the homonymy between the family-group name Stygnidae Handlirsch, 1906 (Arthropoda: Insecta: order incertae sedis) and the family-group name Stygnidae Simon, 1879 (Arthropoda: Arachnida: Opiliones). It is proposed that the stem of the generic name Stygne Handlirsch,... -
Journal article
Recognising Type Specimens in a Dispersed Collection. The Macaronesian Land Mollusca Described by R. T. Lowe
A catalogue of the dispersed collection of the land snails of the Macaronesian Islands described by and attributed to R. T. Lowe is presented. The provenance of the material which relates primarily to T. V. Wollaston, his wife Edith Shepherd, Col. L. Worthington-Wilmer and H. B. Preston is discussed. Parts...Oliver, P Graham ; Klaus , Groh ; Ablett, Jonathan D ; Backeljau, Thierry ; van der Bijl, Bram …
Madeiran archipelago, Museum collections, Evaluation of type specimens, and Canary Islands
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Journal article
Mitochondrial genetic variation in long-eared hedgehogs, Hemiechinus auritus, from the Anatolian Peninsula and Cyprus
Mitochondrial genetic variation was examined in long-eared hedgehogs, , from the Anatolian Peninsula, the adjacent island of Cyprus and from Azerbaijan. These data were compared with those available from other parts of the species’ range in North Africa and Asia. Two distinct cytochrome- lineages are present in Anatolia, one of...Özmen, Medine ; Demirtaş, Sadık ; Herman, Jeremy S ; Gündüz, İslam
Anatolia , cytochrome-b, Hemiechinus, Cyprus, and Hemiechinus auritus calligoni
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Journal article
Identification of constrained sequence elements across 239 primate genomes
Noncoding DNA is central to our understanding of human gene regulation and complex diseases , and measuring the evolutionary sequence constraint can establish the functional relevance of putative regulatory elements in the human genome . Identifying the genomic elements that have become constrained specifically in primates has been hampered by... -
Journal article
Endangered Crafts: Stained Glass
Rothwell, Sarah
crafts and Stained Glass
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Magazine article
Art Meets Palaeontology on Skye
In the last few years I’ve been working with artists on projects that integrate palaeontological themes with visual arts. This work came about for two reasons: firstly, because I am, like many other scientists, someone who straddles the borders that traditionally delimit the arts from the sciences. I originally pursued...Panciroli, Elsa
visual arts, art-science collaborations, palaeontological themes, Isle of Skye fielwork, and Skye Fossils Art/Science Residency
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Journal article
From Field to Museum: The Treasure Trove process and the Peebles Hoard
Have you ever wondered how archaeological finds end up in Scottish Museums? The Treasure Trove Unit (TTU) is the front-facing team dealing with archaeological finds in Scotland. -
Journal article
Multiple skeletons of Rhynchaeites from the London Clay reveal the osteology of early Eocene ibises (Aves, Threskiornithidae)
We describe a new species of from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK), which is represented by a partial skeleton comprising a skull and most major postcranial bones. Multiple further partial skeletons are assigned to sp. and include skeletal elements that are rarely preserved in Paleogene birds....Mayr, Gerald ; Kitchener, Andrew C
Walton-on-the-Naze, Rhynchaeites , Fossil birds , Aves , and Character evolution
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Journal article
Reappraisal of the thalattosuchian crocodylomorph record from the Middle-Upper Jurassic Rosso Ammonitico Veronese of northeastern Italy: Age calibration, new specimens and taphonomic biases
Despite their extremely rare and fragmentary record, aquatic crocodylomorphs from the Middle to Upper Jurassic (Bajocian-Tithonian) Rosso Ammonitico Veronese (RAV) of northeastern Italy have sparked interest since the late 18th century. Among marine reptiles, Thalattosuchia is by far one of the best represented groups from the RAV units, especially in...Serafini, Giovanni ; Foffa, Davide ; Young, Mark T ; Friso, Giacomo ; Cobianchi, Miriam …
Taxonomy , Skull , Jurassic period , Limestone, Vertebrae, Teeth, Dentition , and Taphonomy
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Journal article
Exhibition Review: 'Celebrarting a century' Decades: The Art of Change, 1900-1980, Modern Two, National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh
Laura Falkiner-Rogers takes a walk through seven decades of art that defined the 20th centuryFalkiner-Rogers, Laura
National Galleries of Scotland: Modern Two, exhibition review, and national collection of modern art
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Journal article
"Metal assemblage" In: Hill, Ian and Gamble, Michelle 'Hume Village and Castle: the setting of a late medieval stronghold and post medieval folly in the Scottish Borders'
From the excavations of the Contextualising Hume Project, ten items from secure contexts in the castle grounds were submitted for analysis, along with an unstratified cannonball found in the garden of West End Cottage. These items consisted of eight iron items, one piece of unclassified iron-working slag, and a coin...Hunter, Fraser
cannonball , iron, archaeological excavations, Contextualising Hume Project , and metal assemblage
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Journal article
"Pottery assemblage" In: Hill, Ian and Gamble, Michelle 'Hume Village and Castle: the setting of a late medieval stronghold and post medieval folly in the Scottish Borders'
The archaeological excavations from the Contextualising Hume Project retrieved 383 sherds of pottery, tile, and clay pipe. The authors have examined all the material by x10 hand lens and where possible it has been assigned to a recognised fabric name.Haggary, George ; Hall, Derek
sherds, clay pipe, Contextualising Hume Project, archaeological excavations , pottery, and tile
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Journal article
Getting to the Meat of It: The Effects of a Captive Diet upon the Skull Morphology of the Lion and Tiger
Zoo animals are crucial for conserving and potentially re-introducing species to the wild, yet it is known that the morphology of captive animals differs from that of wild animals. It is important to know how and why zoo and wild animal morphology differs to better care for captive animals and...Cooper, David M ; Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki ; Macdonald, David W ; Patterson, Bruce D ; Salkina, Galina P …
Panthera Leo , Panthera Tigris , Diet, Captive Animals, Shape, Wild Animal , Meat , and Skull
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Journal article
Complex Evolutionary History With Extensive Ancestral Gene Flow in an African Primate Radiation
Understanding the drivers of speciation is fundamental in evolutionary biology, and recent studies highlight hybridization as an important evolutionary force. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 22 species of guenons (tribe Cercopithecini), one of the world's largest primate radiations, we show that rampant gene flow characterizes their evolutionary history and identify...Jensen, Axel ; Swift, Frances ; de Vries, Dorien ; Beck, Robin M D ; Kuderna, Lukas F K …
ancient hybridization, phylogenomics, mammalian radiation, guenon, speciation, and evolutionary genomics
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Journal article
A Computed Tomographic Study of the Premolar Teeth of Babyrousa spp.
A photographic and computed tomography (CT) scanning study was carried out on the premolar teeth of 18 adult male Babyrousa babyrussa skulls, 10 skulls of Babyrousa celebensis, including 6 adult males, 1 adult female, 1 subadult male, 1 subadult female, and 1 juvenile male. The occlusal morphology of the permanent...Macdonald, Alastair A ; Ziehmer, Bianca ; Kitchener, Andrew C ; Gelang, Magnus ; Åblad, Björn …
anatomy, Babyrousa spp., wild pig , tooth , root, babirusa , and root canal
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Journal article
The genome of the black-footed cat: Revealing a rich natural history and urgent conservation priorities for small felids
Habitat degradation and loss of genetic diversity are common threats faced by almost all of today’s wild cats. Big cats, such as tigers and lions, are of great concern and have received considerable conservation attention through policies and international actions. However, knowledge of and conservation actions for small wild cats...Yuan, Jiaqing ; Kitchener, Andrew C ; Lackey, Laurie Bingaman ; Sun, Ting ; Jiangzuo, Qigao …
INTROGRESSION , CONSERVATION , BLACK-FOOTED CAT, and INBREEDING
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Journal article
A curious account of ancient Egyptian Treasure Trove in Scotland
An ancient Egyptian object buried in the grounds of a historic house near Monimail in Fife was found by chance in 1952 and acquired at the time by the then Royal Scottish Museum (now National Museums Scotland). A second object from the same location appeared by chance in 1966 and...Goring, Elizabeth ; Maitland, Margaret
Egyptology, collecting, Treasure Trove, 19th century, museum, and Ancient Egypt
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Journal article
Small socketed axeheads from northern Britain
In 2019 a miniature bronze socketed axehead was discovered near Morebattle, Scottish Borders. As such artefacts are rare finds in northern Britain, the opportunity has been taken to draw together the range of unusually small socketed axeheads recorded from Scotland and northern England, and to discuss them in their wider...Paul, Ella B ; Knight, Matthew G ; Cowie, Trevor G ; Troalen, Lore
axeheads, socketed, Iron Age, diminutive, Bronze Age , miniature, metalwork, and functionality
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Journal article
Excavation and survey at the Giant’s Grave, Slochd Measach, Nereabolls, a Neolithic chambered cairn on the Isle of Islay, Argyll & Bute
The ‘Giant’s Grave’, formally known as Slochd Measach, Nereabolls, (SM3927) is located on the Isle of Islay in western Scotland and is one of seven confirmed Clyde Cairns on the island. We describe the standing remains and excavations between 2015-18 intended to address the origin, architecture and use of this...Mithen, Steven ; Maričević, Darko ; Berg-Hansen, Inger M ; Elliott, Sarah ; Fry, Rob …
Neolithic, Chambered Cairn, Isle of Islay, Excavation, and The Giant’s Grave
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Journal article
Making places: Scotland's jewellery craft in the age of industry
Sarah Laurenson shares examples of beautiful jewellery created during the 'age of industry' and invites us to imagine the lives of the craftspeople behinf these exquisite pieces, using their skills and ingenuity in the age of growing mechanisation and standardisationLaurenson, Sarah
geology, Scotland, crafts, jewellery , natural environment , mineralogy, precious metals , material culture , lapidaries, and contemporary collecting
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Magazine article
Cold War Scotland: new exhibition coming to National Museum of Scotland
A new exhibition at the National Museum of Scotland, running from 13 July 2024, will explore Scotland’s critical position on the frontline of the Cold War.National Museums Scotland
legacies of war, Cold War Scotland exhibition, strategic position, and research output
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Journal article
Limited historical admixture between European wildcats and domestic cats
Domestic cats were derived from the Near Eastern wildcat (Felis lybica), after which they dispersed with people into Europe. As they did so, it is possible that they interbred with the indigenous population of European wildcats (Felis silvestris). Gene flow between incoming domestic animals and closely related indigenous wild species...Jamieson, Alexandra ; Carmagnini, Alberto ; Howard-McCombe, Jo ; Doherty, Sean ; Hirons, Alexandra …
ancient DNA, cats, hybridization , and domestication
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Journal article
Human consumption of seaweed and freshwater aquatic plants in ancient Europe
During the Mesolithic in Europe, there is widespread evidence for an increase in exploitation of aquatic resources. In contrast, the subsequent Neolithic is characterised by the spread of farming, land ownership, and full sedentism, which lead to the perception of marine resources subsequently representing marginal or famine food or being...Buckley, Stephen ; Hardy, Karen ; Hallgren, Fredrik ; Kubiak-Martens, Lucy ; Miliauskienė, Žydrūnė …
Lipids and Archaeology
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Journal article
A documentation checklist for (Linked) humanities data
Documentation, including information, instructions, and use cases, is key to reproducibility in Digital Humanities research and usability of resulting tools and resources. However, despite multiple studies that support this assertion, clear and comprehensive documentation is often lacking due to fundamental incompatibilities with existing funding models and the resulting prioritisation of...Middle, Sarah
Reproducibility , User research, Usability , Digital humanities , and Linked data
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Journal article
Reaching Further with Earth Science Data
Earth Sciences cover a broad spectrum of research fields such as petrology, sedimentology, structural geology, seismology, and geomorphology, to name a few, which aim to understand interrelated processes on the surface and in the interior of our planet. Many of the research questions studied in the Earth sciences, such as,...Walcott, Rachel ; Lehnert, Kerstin
geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, Mineral Extension for Darwin Core, and soil science
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Journal article
A revision of the ‘coelophysoid-grade’ theropod specimen from the Lower Jurassic of the Isle of Skye (Scotland )
The broadest diversification of early predatory dinosaurs is represented by the ‘coelophysoid-grade’ neotheropods, but their Hettangian–Sinemurian ( 191–201 Ma) record is scarce worldwide. More information is needed to shed light on the evolution of this dinosaur group after the end-Triassic mass extinction ( 201 Ma). Here we revisit the anatomy...Ezcurra, Martín D ; Marke, Daniel ; Walsh, Stig A ; Brusatte, Stephen L
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Journal article
Integrative taxonomy reveals unrecognised species diversity in African Corypha larks (Aves: Alaudidae)
The species complex comprising the rufous-naped lark Corypha africana, Sharpe’s lark Corypha sharpii, the red-winged lark Corypha hypermetra, the Somali long-billed lark Corypha somalica and Ash’s lark Corypha ashi encompasses 31 recognised taxa across sub-Saharan Africa, many of which are extremely poorly known and some not observed for decades. Only...Alström, Per ; Mohammadi, Zeinolabedin ; Donald, Paul F ; Nymark, Marianne ; Enbody, Erik D …
behaviour, morphometrics, Africa, bird, and new classification
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Journal article
How genomic insights into the evolutionary history of clouded leopards inform their conservation
Clouded leopards ( spp.), a morphologically and ecologically distinct lineage of big cats, are severely threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, targeted hunting, and other human activities. The long-held poor understanding of their genetics and evolution has undermined the effectiveness of conservation actions. Here, we report a comprehensive investigation of...Yuan, Jiaqing ; Wang, Guiqiang ; Zhao, Le ; Kitchener, Andrew C ; Sun, Ting …
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Journal article
Genetic swamping of the critically endangered Scottish wildcat was recent and accelerated by disease
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Journal article
Skull morphology of bottlenose dolphins worldwide and patterns of adaptation between coastal and offshore environments
The morphological differentiation between coastal and offshore ecotypes of bottlenose dolphins (genus ) has been researched since the 1960s, particularly in (Montagu, 1821), although most morphological studies have focused on localized populations. Therefore, it is unclear how patterns observed in these individual populations integrate within the global morphological variation. Here...Oxford‐Smith, N ; Ruta, M ; Gao, A ; Viaud‐Martinez, K A ; Sabin, R …
ecotype , dolphin , offshore , adaptation , biogeography , Tursiops truncatus, coastal , and skull morphology
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Journal article
Albinism in the common shrew Sorex araneus
Albinism is a hypopigmentation disorder which occurs as a consequence of mutations in genes involved in melanin biosynthesis. It is recorded in many mammalian species but is generally considered to be rare in natural populations. Here, we describe a fully albino individual of the common shrew found in south-western Poland....Wójcik, Jan M ; Kowalczyk, Rafał ; Rybiałek, Jerzy ; Herman, Jeremy
Fur colouration , Albino , Shrews, Pelage , and Soricidae
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Journal article
Hwiccewyrm trispiculum gen. et sp. nov., a new leptopleuronine procolophonid from the Late Triassic of southwest England
The fissure fill localities of southwest England and South Wales are well‐known for preserving rich assemblages of predominantly small‐bodied Late Triassic to Early Jurassic tetrapods, but many aspects of these assemblages remain contentious. The age of the Late Triassic fissures is disputed, with some lines of argument suggesting a latest...Butler, Richard J ; Meade, Luke E ; Cleary, Terri J ; McWhirter, Kai T ; Brown, Emily E …
Procolophonidae , phylogeny , Parareptilia , fissure fills , and Triassic
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Journal article
A new species of Lygistorrhina (Lygistorrhina) Skuse, 1890 (Diptera: Keroplatidae, Lygistorrhininae) with a key to the subgenus
A new species of Lygistorrhina (Lygistorrhina) Skuse, 1890, Lygistorrhina woodi sp. nov., is described. The specimen was dissected from an alcohol-preserved flower of Ceropegia aristolochioides ssp. deflersiana Bruyns (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Ceropegieae) stored in the Kew herbarium. This is the first occurrence of the lygistorrhine gnats in a hot, semi-arid climate....Blagoderov, Vladimir ; Ollerton, Jeff ; Whittington, Andrew
Fungus gnats , Taxonomy , Apocynaceae, Biodiversity, Ceropegia, New taxa , Diptera, and Afrotropical region
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Journal article
Fair Isle Knitwear
Fair Isle knitwear with its brightly-coloured geometric patterns, is known across the world today. The style has had various fashion flashpoints over the last two centuries, not least in the 1920s when the Prince of Wales, the future Edward VIII, was photographed looking very dapper wearing Fair Isle sweaters. It...Wyld, Helen ; Laurenson, Sarah
research , craft, textiles, Fair Isle knitwear , knitting, and National Museums Scotland collections
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Journal article
The Power of Glass: Craft Scotland Conference, 2022
In 2022, the UN marked the International Year of Glass, celebrating the essential role glass has, and will continue to have, in society. One element of this celebration was the importance of glass within art and its history, which the Craft Scotland 2022 Conference: The Power of Glass looked to... -
Journal article
Two Sculptures, One Master? A Technical Study of Two Rare Examples of Polychrome Sculptures Associated with “the Master of Saint Catherine of Gualino”, Italy, Fourteenth Century
Between the 1960s and 1990s art historian Giovanni Previtali identified a group of polychrome wood trecento sculptures from the Umbrian-Abruzzo region of Italy as the work of one hand. He named his artist the Maestro della Santa Caterina Gualino after one of the pieces considered to epitomize the style he... -
Journal article
Exhibition Review: Tales in Gaelic (Temporary exhibition - Sgeul/Story: Folk Tales from the Scottish Highlands, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh)
Bruce Blacklaw finds folklore and beauty in this celebration of the Gaelic languageBlacklaw, Bruce
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Journal article
The mitochondrial DNA diversity of captive ruffed lemurs (Varecia spp.): implications for conservation
Ruffed lemurs ( and ) are categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, and genetic studies are needed for assessing the conservation value of captive populations. Using 280 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences, we studied the genetic diversity and structure of captive ruffed lemurs in Madagascar, Europe and...Vega, Rodrigo ; Hopper, Jane ; Kitchener, Andrew C ; Catinaud, Jérôme ; Roullet, Delphine …
Biodiversity, diversity, Lemuridae, genetic, primates, conservation, and Madagascar
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Journal article
Revealing observatory networks through object stories: Observatory audiences
Like the contributions to the other papers in this collection (‘Object itineraries’ and ‘Instrumental networks’), those in this final section explore instrumental networks and object itineraries in order to tell new histories of observatory sites and their associated networks. (For a discussion of the genesis and thinking behind the collection... -
Journal article
Revealing observatory networks through object stories: Introduction
This paper introduces a group of three articles that bring together object stories relating to observatory history and networks. The three articles (‘Instrumental networks’, ‘Object itineraries’ and ‘Observatory audiences’) each bring together three object stories by different authors that contribute to the article theme. Here the genesis of the collection...Higgitt, Rebekah
object stories, observatory sites, astronomy, networks, collections, object biography, scientific instruments, object itineraries, Time, observatory sciences, and observatories
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Journal article
Palaeogenomic Evidence for the Long-Term Reproductive Isolation Between Wild and Domestic Cats
Domestic cats were derived from the Near Eastern wildcat (Felis lybica), after which they dispersed with people into Europe. As they did so, it is possible that they interbred with the indigenous population of European wildcats (Felis silvestris). Gene flow between incoming domestic animals and closely related indigenous wild species...Jamieson, Alexandra ; Carmagnini, Alberto ; Howard-McCombe, Jo ; Doherty, Sean ; Hirons, Alexandra …
domestication, palaeogenomics, and cats
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Hunter, Fraser
armour, arm guard , bronze, Roman Scotland, amellar , and Newstead
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Journal article
'Early, Middle and Late Bronze Age metalwork' In: Jones, A.M. and Quinnell, H. Revisiting Battlegore: a Bronze Age barrow and its landscape context
Six copper-alloy artefacts were found in the 1860s during draining works on land to the west of the barrow cemetery, one specifically from a plot named Lake’s Meadow. Gray (1908a; 1931) documents their finding and provides illustrations. They are all described and illustrated by Pearce (1983, 540, pl. 94) and...Knight, Matthew G
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Journal article
Dr Allen David Cumming Simpson, 13 December 1947-3 December 2022
Allen Simpson was born in Edinburgh, went to school there, attended the University of Edinburgh, worked there, married and raised a family, and finally died there. He worked at what eventually became National Museums Scotland between 1970 to 1998, as an Assistant Keeper, and subsequently, Curator and Principal Curator in...Morrison-Low, Alison
curatorial research, Scottish weights and measures, Science & Technology, obituary, National Museums Scotland, Department of Technology, and Royal Museum of Scotland
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Journal article
The Scottish transport and industry collections knowledge network (STICK)
The Scottish Transport and Industry Collections Knowledge Network (STICK) brings together a range of organisations and individuals who share a common interest in transport and industrial collections and promoting their care and enjoyment. While a multi-disciplinary steering group drives it forward, STICK is its members and their passion and knowledge....Swinbank, Ellie ; National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh, EH1 1JF, United Kingdom
Industry, Transport, Training, Network, and Collections
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Journal article
Early Eocene fossils elucidate the evolutionary history of the Charadriiformes (shorebirds and allies)
We report charadriiform and charadriiform-like birds from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK). A partial skeleton of a small modern-type charadriiform is described as a new species, n. gen. n. sp., and most closely resembles taxa of the Charadrii (plovers, stilts, oystercatchers, and other “wader-like” shorebirds). Affinities...Mayr, Gerald ; Kitchener, Andrew C
charadriiform bird, Walton-on-the-Naze, fossil record, early Paleogene , and Eocene London Clay
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Magazine article
Bringing Hugh Miller's The Old Red Sandstone to a new generation of readers
The 2023 edition of The Old Red Sandstone is the first truly new one for a century. It is in two main parts: a facsimile reprint of Miller’s original first edition of 1841, with explanatory notes added, and a book-length ‘Critical Study’ of Miller’s work by the authors Ralph O’Connor...Taylor, Michael A
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Journal article
Can modern technology uncover the secrets of evolution?
A mysterious group of fossils called the Elgin Reptiles has been puzzling scientists for centuries. Existing only as cavities hidden within rocks, these fossils could help scientists unravel the mysteries of evolution. Thanks to modern technologies, Dr Davide Foffa, a research associate at National Museums Scotland, and his colleagues have...Foffa, Davide
Palaeoecology, lagerpetids, Vertebrate Palaeontology, μCT scanning , Elgin Reptiles, Scleromochlus , and Palaeobiology
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Journal article
Assessing the identity of rare historical museum specimens of the extinct blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus) using an ancient DNA approach
The blue antelope or bluebuck ( ) is an extinct species of antelope that lived in South Africa until ca. 1799–1800. Disappearing only 34 years after it was described, it was the first large African mammal species to have become extinct in recent times. Therefore, current scientific knowledge of the... -
Journal article
On the “screamer-like” birds from the British London Clay: An archaic anseriform-galliform mosaic and a non-galloanserine “barb-necked” species of Perplexicervix
We revisit recently described putative anseriform birds from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK). Phylogenetically relevant skeletal elements of Danielsavis nazensis Houde et al., 2023 are reported that were omitted from the original description, including the pterygoids and palatines. We detail that anseriform affinities of D. nazensis...Mayr, Gerald ; Carrió, Vicen ; Kitchener, Andrew C
Aves, new family, Walton-on-the-Naze, new species, and fossil birds
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Journal article
Stable isotope ecology and interspecific dietary overlap among dolphins in the Northeast Atlantic
Dolphins are mobile apex marine predators. Over the past three decades, warm-water adapted dolphin species (short-beaked common and striped) have expanded their ranges northward and become increasingly abundant in British waters. Meanwhile, cold-water adapted dolphins (white-beaked and Atlantic white-sided) abundance trends are decreasing, with evidence of the distribution of white-beaked...Plint, Tessa ; ten Doeschate, Mariel T I ; Brownlow, Andrew C ; Davison, Nicholas J ; Hantke, Georg …
stable isotope, Northeast Atlantic, Scotland, dolphin, dietary overlap, and niche
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Journal article
Emergence and ecological transition of the Mesozoic marine reptiles: Evidence from the Early Triassic Chaohu and the Middle Triassic Xingyi Faunas
Two major evolutionary events in the early history of Mesozoic marine reptiles have been recorded in the Triassic of China. The first event evidenced by the Early Triassic Chaohu Fauna was the emergence of new marine communities and their subsequent radiation in the Spathian Subage of the late Olenekian (Early...Jiang, Da-yong ; Zhou, Min ; Motani, Ryosuke ; Tintori, Andrea ; Fraser, Nicholas C …
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Journal article
Middle and Upper Ordovician linguliformean and craniiformean brachiopods from the Brabant Massif, Belgium: Infaunal giants, encrusting forms and durophagy
Linguliformean and craniiformean brachiopods from the Middle and Upper Ordovician of the Brabant Massif (Belgium) are described for the first time and their palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical implications are discussed. The restricted and generally poorly preserved material was collected from the Abbaye de Villers (Dapingian–Darriwilian) Formation and from the Katian Huet...Candela, Yves ; Mottequin, Bernard
Linguliformean and craniiformean brachiopods , palaeobiogeographical , Middle and Upper Ordovician, Brabant Massif , and palaeoecological
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Newspaper article
Maths Week Scotland means there's plenty of educational fun to be had during school strikes
Maths is involved in a range of areas from navigation and forensic science to ceilidh dancing and football.Brien, Ailsa
Maths Week Scotland, National Museum of Scotland, and educational activities
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Journal article
Give ancient Egyptians the respect they deserve
‘Mummies’ should stay in the realms of fiction, says Margaret MaitlandMaitland, Margaret
terminology, Colonial histories of Egyptology, "noble ones", mummifield people, and comment
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Journal article
Objects of Power: Australian Aboriginal Breastplates and Scottish Pastoralists
Aboriginal breastplates also known as brass plates, king plates, queen plates and Aboriginal gorgets were given by European colonisers to Aboriginal people in Australia from c.1815. As a tool of colonisation they were frequently given out by Scottish pastoralists in Queensland and New South Wales in the mid to late...Clark, Alison
First AustraliansAboriginal HistoryColonial Histories and LegaciesScotland and Empire
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Journal article
Black gold in Roscommon
Exploring the significance of a terminal plate of an Early Bronze Age jet spacer-plate necklace from Gortnacrannagh.Ó Maoldúin, Ros ; Sheridan, J A ; Campbell, Eve ; Troalen, Lore G
networks, jet spacer-plate necklace, vocabulary of esteem, and Early Bronze Age Ireland
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Journal article
Return of the space hoppers: more measures on dH Comet G-BDIX
De Havilland Comet 4C “G-BDIX” arrived at the National Museum of Flight (NMoF) in Scotland in September 1981 and has been displayed outdoors and fully exposed to the environmental conditions ever since. In 2018, National Museums Scotland (NMS) set a development in motion at its NMoF site with the aim...Bürgel, Thilo ; National Museum of Flight, East Fortune Airfield, Haddington, East Lothian EH39 5LF, United Kingdom
Industrial heritage, Aeroplane, In situ, Aviation, and Outdoors
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Journal article
Towards a functional understanding of the cyclorrhaphan larval head (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha)
The larval stage is thought to play a significant role in radiations of Diptera (Insecta), but for the Cyclorrhapha (Diptera), a well-supported and diversified clade, evaluating larval roles is hindered by low taxon sampling, unresolved morphology and presumed similarity. This paper reviews investigations of the cyclorrhaphan larval head based on...Rotheray, Graham E
Mandible , Pseudocephalon, Biomechanics , Feeding , and Head skeleton
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Journal article
New species from the early Eocene London Clay suggest an undetected early Eocene diversity of the Leptosomiformes, an avian clade that includes a living fossil from Madagascar
We report the first records of the leptosomiform taxon from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK). Two species could be distinguished, one of which is described as , sp. nov. (the other is classified as sp.). We furthermore describe two small leptosomiform-like birds from Walton-on-the-Naze, , gen....Mayr, Gerald ; Kitchener, Andrew C
Waltonavis, gen. nov. , Ypresian , Walton-on-the-Naze, Lutavis, gen. nov. , fossil birds , Aves , and Plesiocathartes insolitipes, sp. nov.
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Journal article
Describing whisker morphology of the Carnivora
One of the largest ecological transitions in carnivoran evolution was the shift from terrestrial to aquatic lifestyles, which has driven morphological diversity in skulls and other skeletal structures. In this paper, we investigate the association between those lifestyles and whisker morphology. However, comparing whisker morphology over a range of species...Dougill, Gary ; Brassey, Charlotte A ; Starostin, Eugene L ; Andrews, Hayley ; Kitchener, Andrew C …
mechanoreception , curvature , touch , aquatic , and vibrissae
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Journal article
Narrow-beaked trogons from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK)
We describe multiple partial skeletons of a new trogon species from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK), which are among the oldest fossils of the Trogoniformes. , gen. et sp. nov. has a much narrower and more gracile beak than extant trogons, which denotes different ecological attributes...Mayr, Gerald ; De Pietri, Vanesa L ; Kitchener, Andrew C
Eotrogon stenorhynchus, gen. et sp. nov. , Phylogeny, Fossil birds , Paratrogon gallicus , Aves , and Evolution
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Journal article
New specimen and redescription of Anisodontosaurus greeri (Moenkopi Formation: Middle Triassic) and the spatiotemporal origins of Trilophosauridae
Anisodontosaurus greeri is an enigmatic small-bodied tetrapod with a heterodont dentition from the Holbrook Member of the Moenkopi Formation (Middle Triassic) of Arizona (U.S.A.). The evolutionary relationships of this taxon have long been debated and remain uncertain. Using micro-computed tomography (µCT) scans we redescribe the holotype of Anisodontosaurus greeri (UCMP...Foffa, Davide ; Nesbitt, Sterling J ; Kligman, Ben T ; Butler, Richard J ; Stocker, Michelle R
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Journal article
A Thomas Rathbone & Joseph Machin letter
I purchased a letter on a postal history website as it was from Thomas Rathbone, and which had been sent from his pottery at Portobello on the 17th June 1817 and addressed to the important Staffordshire potter Joseph Machin.Haggarty, George R
Joseph Machin, Thomas Rathbone, pottery history, Jack Dunlop, letter correspondence, and Messer's Leggat stoneware merchant
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Book review
Exhibition Review: A new power: photography in Britain 1800-1850 Weston Library, Oxford, 1 February - 7 May 2023
The two overlapping exhibitions running in adjacent galleries in the Weston Library, Oxford (put on by the Bodleian Library) illustrated the twin inventions announced in 1839 that subsequently became known as 'photography'Morrison-Low, Alison
photographic incunabula, Bodleian Library, library exhibition , exhibition review, and early photography
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Magazine article
Donald Ross and the highland Clearances
Andrew J. Ross provides the background to his new book on the life of his relative Donald Ross, a critic of the highland clearances who raised money and provided supplies for sufferers of the potato famine, but ultimately became a victim of his own success and emigrated to Canada following...Ross, Andrew J
venerable societies, emigration, highland clearances, biography, and Donald Ross (1813-1882)
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Journal article
World Catalogue of the family Lonchaeidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha, Acalyptratae)
A catalogue of world species of Lonchaeidae is provided. Ten valid genera and 611 valid species in two subfamilies are listed. For each valid species the list includes author, year of publication, full publication name, page number of original description and, where known, type locality and type depository. All validly...MacGowan, Iain
ACALYPTRATAE , BIOGEOGRAPHIC REALM, NOMENCLATURE , TYPE LOCALITY , NEW COMBINATION DISTRIBUTION , NEW SYNONYM , CYCLORRHAPHA , DIPTERA , and TYPE DEPOSITION
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Journal article
Artefacts of Arran pitchstones from Slewcairn Early Neolithic funerary monument, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
Between 1973 and 1980, the late Lionel Masters excavated an Early Neolithic long cairn at Slewcairn, close to the Solway Firth in south-west Scotland (NGR NX 9239 6142; Canmore ID 65491). The monumement is situated on the slope of Meikle Hard Hill, 6 km from the coast and 15 km...Ballin, Torben ; Sheridan, J A
pitchstone, assemblage report, long cairn, and Early Neolithic Scotland
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Journal article
Neolithic culinary traditions revealed by cereal, milk and meat lipids in pottery from Scottish crannogs
Cereal cultivation in Britain dates back to ca. 4000 BCE, probably introduced by migrant farmers from continental Europe. Widespread evidence for livestock appears in the archaeozoological record, also reflected by ubiquitous dairy lipids in pottery organic residues. However, despite archaeobotanical evidence for domesticated plants (such as cereals), organic residue evidence...Hammann, Simon ; Bishop, Rosie R ; Copper, Mike ; Garrow, Duncan ; Greenwood, Caitlin …
Lipids , Plant domestication, Archaeology, and Mass spectrometry
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Journal article
Evolutionary trends in trimerellid brachiopods
Non-articulated trimerellides, one minor group among the largest brachiopods, are commonly found in massive monospecific accumulations in Ordovician and Silurian rocks. In this paper, all species of the family Trimerellidae are listed for the first time, and some of them are discussed. They appeared in the Sandbian and became extinct...Chen, Di ; Huang, Bing ; Candela, Yves
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Journal article
Understanding gold in Prehistoric Scotland
Gold, along with copper was the first metal to be used in Scotland, with the earliest dated example of its use here being the tiny, conical sheet gold rivet caps on the superb Langdale tuff 'wrist-guard' - a piece of fancy archery kit - from Culduthel, Inverness. The man's skeleton...Sheridan, J A
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Journal article
A global catalog of whole-genome diversity from 233 primate species
The rich diversity of morphology and behavior displayed across primate species provides an informative context in which to study the impact of genomic diversity on fundamental biological processes. Analysis of that diversity provides insight into long-standing questions in evolutionary and conservation biology and is urgent given severe threats these species...Kuderna, Lukas F K ; Gao, Hong ; Janiak, Mareike C ; Kuhlwilm, Martin ; Orkin, Joseph D …
evolutionary and conservation biology, primates, and genomic diversity study
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Journal article
The landscape of tolerated genetic variation in humans and primates
Personalized genome sequencing has revealed millions of genetic differences between individuals, but our understanding of their clinical relevance remains largely incomplete. To systematically decipher the effects of human genetic variants, we obtained whole-genome sequencing data for 809 individuals from 233 primate species and identified 4.3 million common protein-altering variants with...Gao, Hong ; Hamp, Tobias ; Ede, Jeffrey ; Schraiber, Joshua G ; McRae, Jeremy …
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Journal article
Der Galloway-Hort
Goldberg, Martin
Viking-age hoards, Anglo-Saxon, research project, conservation, and Galloway Hoard
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Journal article
A Late Bronze Age Gold Lock-ring from Chirnside
In 2019 a decorated gold penannular ring was found during metal-detecting at Chirnside in the Scottish Borders. This type of ring, typically refereed to as a 'lock-ring', dates to the Late Bronze Age (c/1150-800 BC).Knight, Matthew G