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Journal article
The Hymenoptera associated with spiders in Europe
The Hymenoptera known to be obligatory parasitoids or predators of spiders or their eggs in Europe form a rather diverse assemblage. Their biologies are briefly reviewed; known host associations are summarized for each genus; and a key is given to the genera of Hymenoptera (other than Pompilidae) involved.Fitton, M G ; Shaw, Mark R ; Austin, A D
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Journal article
Seasonal variation in the reproductive strategy of the parasitic wasp Eulophus larvarum (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae)
1. Eulophus larvarum (L.) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious parasitoid of lepidopterous larvae feeding on broad-leaved trees. Normally there are two generations a year. 2. Sex ratio in the spring generation of larvae is female biased. The bias is probably due to local mate competition as progeny from one brood...Godfray, H C ; Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Hymenoptera: Parasitica. The parasitic wasps
Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Scottish insect records
Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Parasitoid communities: their size, structure and development
In this chapter the authors first consider the literature on host-parasitoid associations and its limitations. They then review ideas that have been applied to the study of parasitoid communities. The authors develop a system of categorizing parasitoids, based on a fundamental dichotomy in their biology, which allows them to make...Askew, R R ; Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
The taxonomy and biology of the British Adelognathinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
The known biology of Adelognathus, including new findings, is summarized. An illustrated key is given to the 15 species found in the British Isles. One species, A. stelfoxi, is described as new.Fitton, M G ; Gauld, I D ; Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Parasitic Control, Section A: General Information
Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
The life of the meadow brown, by W.H. Dowdeswell
Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Edinburgh's clouded, drab summer
Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Death of Hymenoptera in moth traps
Shaw, Mark R
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Book
Ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): their classification and biology
The hymenopteran family Ichneumonidae compriises one of the largest single animal families. With around 2,300 British species, almost 10% of British insect species are ichneumonids. They can be found everywhere and studying them is very rewarding, but it is not without its difficulties. This book provides an extensively illustrated key...Broad, Gavin R ; Shaw, Mark R ; Fitton, M G
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Journal article
Braconid and ichneumonid (Hymenoptera) parasitoid wasps of Lepidoptera from the Maltese Islands
Fourteen species of Ichneumonidae are here recorded from the Maltese Islands. Of these, all were reared from Lepidoptera hosts with the exception of Netelia (Paropheltes) inedita (Kokujev) which was collected from a malaise trap. Of these, the following species (or genera) are here reported for the first time from the...Mifsud, David ; Farrugia, Lucia ; Shaw, Mark R
Braconidae, host records, Ichneumonidae, Malta, Mediterranean, and Hymenoptera
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Journal article
Two examples of anterior / posterior gynandromorphism in Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera)
Two specimens of Ichneumonidae exhibiting interior/posterior gynandromorphism are described. In both the specimens of Ephialtes manifestator (L.) (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) and Cylloceria sylvestris (Gravenhorst) (Ichneumonidae: Cylloceriinae), the head is female (as is the mesosoma of E. manifestator) and the metasoma is male. A potential mechanism for generation of transverse (anterior/posterior) gynandromorphs...Shaw, Mark R ; Broad, Gavin R
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Journal article
Notes on the biology, morphology and generic placement of “Hellwigia” obscura Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae)
The ophionine ichneumonid known as Hellwigia obscura has been reared for the first time, from larvae of Horisme sp. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) feeding on Clematis vitalba in The Netherlands. The cocoon and the parasitoid’s means of emergence are figured, as are some features of the adult. On a balance of morphological...Shaw, Mark R ; Voogd, Jeroen
systematics, cocoon, Horisme, emergence, Protohellwigia, Hellwigia elegans, and Heinrichiella
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Journal article
Darwin wasps: a new name heralds renewed efforts to unravel the evolutionary history of Ichneumonidae
The parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae is arguably one of the groups for which current knowledge lags most strongly behind their enormous diversity. In a five-day meeting in Basel (Switzerland) in June 2019, 22 researchers from 14 countries met to discuss the most important issues in ichneumonid research, including increasing the...Klopfstein, Seraina ; Santos, Bernardo F ; Shaw, Mark R ; Alvarado, Mabel ; Bennett, Andrew M R …
parasitoid wasps, paleoentomology, phylogenetics, Alpha taxonomy, and fossils
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Journal article
Overwintering behaviour of Diphyus quadripunctorius (Müller) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae) in south-east Scotland
Overwintering behaviour of adult females of the ichneumonid Diphyus quadripunctorius (Müller) in caves and mines in south east Scotland was monitored over two successive winters. This is a univoltine larva-pupal parasitoid of certain Noctua species, parasitizing their larvae in spring. The species was found in rather few of the sites...Baird, Katty ; Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
A second British specimen of Coleocentrus Excivator (Poda) (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae, Acaenitinae) from Scotland
A second British specimen of the spectacular ichneumonid. Coleocentrus Excivator is recorded from Tomich, Inverness-shire, some 80 km NNW from the site at which the first was found 34 years previously. The species is illustrated and notes are given to facilitate identification. Some indications of host and biology are tentatively...Shaw, Mark R ; Lyszkowski, Richard M
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Journal article
Faunistic records from the Czech Republic - 476. [Cotesia gades]
Cotesia gades (Nixon, 1974). Bohemia mer., Stará HlÃna, Výtopa Rožmberka Nature Reserve (6954b), 49°3′5.894″ N 14°47′39.197″ E, 425 m a.s.l., 27.vii.2018, 9 ♂♂ 86 ♀♀, body length 3.2 mm, reared from caterpillar of Stauropus fagi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) collected from a grass stem on a mesophilic fishpond bank covered...Rindoš, Michal ; Sucháčková Bartoňová, Alena ; Shaw, Mark R
systematics, cocoon, Horisme, emergence, Protohellwigia, Hellwigia elegans, and Heinrichiella
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Journal article
Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 2: Revision of the A. apicalis group
The West Palaearctic species of the Aleiodes apicalis group (Braconidae: Rogadinae) as defined by van Achterberg & Shaw (2016) are revised. Six new species of the genus Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838, are described and illustrated: A. carbonaroides van Achterberg & Shaw, sp. nov., A. coriaceus van Achterberg & Shaw, sp. nov.,...van Achterberg, Cornelis ; Shaw, Mark R ; Quicke, Donald L J
biology, host range, new species, West Palaearctic, distribution, Aleiodes apicalis group, phenology, key, and Europe
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Journal article
Discovery of the genus Venanides Mason 1981 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) in Europe, with description of a new species parasitizing Carcina quercana (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Peleopodidae
The small Microgastrinae genus Venanides is recorded from Europe (Netherlands, Germany and Czech Republic) for the first time, where one species, Venanides carcinae sp. nov., described here, proves to be a regular solitary parasitoid of Carcina quercana. Outline notes on its biology, phenology and abundance are given.Shaw, Mark R
NETHERLANDS, GERMANY, PHENOLOGY, VENANIDES CARCINAE, CZECH REPUBLIC, BIOLOGY, FAGUS, and QUERCUS
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Journal article
Annotated and illustrated world checklist of Microgastrinae parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae
A checklist of world species of Microgastrinae parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is provided. A total of 81 genera and 2,999 extant species are recognized as valid, including 36 nominal species that are currently considered as species inquirendae. Two genera are synonymized under Apanteles. Nine lectotypes are designated. A total of... -
Journal article
Two new European species of Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) parasitizing butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea), and an unrelated synonymy in the genus
Two new European species of Cotesia are described and illustrated. One (C. euchloevora Shaw, sp. nov.) was reared from Euchloe species and close relatives and also Aplocera efformata, and the other (C. parnassii Shaw, sp. nov.) was reared from Parnassius phoebus. Notes are given to distinguish them from congeners. The...Shaw, Mark R ; Fernandez-Triana, Jose L
COTESIA PILICORNIS, ZEGRIS, COTESIA CAJAE, PARNASSIUS, COTESIA PARNASSII SP. NOV, APLOCERA , COTESIA ACUTULA, EUCHLOE, BIOLOGY, and COTESIA EUCHLOEVORA SP. NOV
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Journal article
Rearing records of two species of Hymenoptera: Braconidae (Macrocentrinae and Orgilinae) new to Britain
From material now in the National Museums of Scotland, the braconids Macrocentrus flavus Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1878 and Orgilus anurus Thomson, 1895 are recorded from Britain for the first time, based on reared material, and notes for their identification are given. The first of these is also recorded from Spain,...Shaw, Mark R
SPAIN, ORGILUS RUGOSUS, ORGILUS ANURUS, COLEOPHORA SPINELLA, and ACROBASIS SUAVELLAMACROCENTRUS FLAVUS
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Journal article
Observations on co-existing late-instar caterpillars of the Orange-tip butterfly, Anthocharis cardamines (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Co-existence between late instar larvae of Anthocharis cardamines on multiple occupied Lunaria annua plants was monitored in a suburban Edinburgh garden and a stand-off between final instar larvae on Sisymbrium officinale in countryside near Leipzig was recorded photographically. Occupation of mauve-flowered Lunaria plants was significantly higher than white-flowered ones. The...Shaw, Mark R ; Otto, Helene
behaviour, camouflage, Vespula vulgaris, choice, Conflict, predation, and flower colour
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Journal article
Rewiring of interactions in a changing environment: nettle-feeding butterflies and their parasitoids
Climate and land use change can alter the incidence and strength of biotic interactions, with important effects on the distribution, abundance and function of species. To assess the importance of these effects and their dynamics, studies quantifying how biotic interactions change in space and time are needed. We studied interactions...Audusseau, Hélène ; Ryrholm, Nils ; Stefanescu, Constanti ; Tharel, Suzanne ; Jansson, Camilla …
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Journal article
The remarkable biology of a new species of Gelis Thunberg, 1827 (Ichneumonidae, Phygadeuontinae), a solitary endoparasitoid of fresh eggs of Timarcha (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
A new species, Gelis timarchae Schwarz, Shaw & Kan, is figured and described from specimens reared as a solitary endoparasitoid of fresh eggs of Timarcha nicaeensis in the south of France. Oviposition behaviour of the adult parasitoid, directly into the host cytoplasm, is described and links to videos are given....Shaw, Mark R ; Kan, Pieter ; Kan-van Limburg Stirum, Brigitte ; Schwarz, Martin
Gelis timarchae, oviposition, first instar larva, France, Cocoon, plastic phenology, diapause, and egg
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Journal article
Two males, one female: triplet-style mating behaviour in the Darwin wasp Xorides ater (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Xoridinae) in the Swiss Alps
The Darwin wasp Xorides ater is a solitary idiobiont ectoparasitoid of wood-boring beetle larvae. It occurs across the Palaearctic, and in Switzerland seems to be restricted to areas above 980 m altitude. Very little is known about its biology and behaviour. We here report three separate instances of a female...Shaw, Mark R ; Giannotta, Madalene ; Herrera-Flórez, Andrés F ; Klopfstein, Seraina
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Journal article
A molecular phylogeny of the parasitoid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Ichneumonoidea: Braconidae) with descriptions of three new genera
A molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Rogadinae is presented for 469 species in 52 genera representing all tribes and subtribes. The data comprise cytochrome c oxidase I sequences (DNA barcodes), together with a broad representation of 28S rDNA D2-D3 expansion region, EF1-α gene and 16S rDNA fragments. To test monophyly,...Quicke, Donald L J ; Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P ; Jasso-Martínez, Jovana M ; Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro ; Shaw, Mark R …
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Journal article
Luffia lapidella (Goeze, 1783) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) proved to be the host of Choeras gielisi van Achterberg (Braconidae: Microgastrinae), new to Britain
Choeras gielisi is recorded from Britain for the first time, on the basis of two female and two male specimens reared solitarily from sexual and parthenogenetic forms of the Luffia lapidella at different sites. These rearings, the first with clear host detemination, provide strong evidence that the type specimen of...Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
First record of Telenomus kolbei (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) in France, parasitizing the eggs of Nymphalis antiopa and Aglais io (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
Telenomus kolbei is newly reported in France, parasitizing two new host species: Aglais io and Nymphalis antiopa. Oviposition by the parasitoid into eggs of both species was observed. Films were made, to which links are given. DNA sequences were obtained and deposited in Genbank.Kan, Pieter ; Shaw, Mark R ; Kan-van Linburg Stirum, Brigitte ; Warot, Sylvie ; Groussier, Géraldine
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Journal article
Please let’s use the term host repertoire in place of host range for parasitoids
In the context of reviewing possible effects of environmental change on insect–plant interactions, Braga and Janz (2021) suggested the use of “host repertoire” in place of “host range”. This resonated so strongly with me for host–parasitoid interactions that I am quite annoyed that I hadn’t proposed it in any of...Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Sympiesis notata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae), a gregarious parasitoid of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), and some records of other Chalcidoidea associated with skipper butterflies in the Western Palaearctic
Sympiesis notata is a gregarious ectoparasitoid of skipper butterfly caterpillars. Other Lepidoptera larvae in leaf mines and leaf folds are attacked by the same morphospecies, but on these smaller hosts S. notata is usually a solitary parasitoid. Other Chalcidoidea recorded as reared from hesperiid hosts are mostly species of Brachymeria...Askew, Richard ; Shaw, Mark R
primary parasitism, multiparisitism, Chalcididae, Pteromalidae, Hesperiidae, Microgastrinae, Eulophidae, secondary parasitism, and Ichneumonidae
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Journal article
Identity of wasp parasitoids (Hymenoptera) attacking Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in South Africa
The alien invasive large cabbage white, Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pieridae), although introduced into South Africa more than 27 years ago, has not dramatically expanded its distribution, possibly because it is effectively attacked by two parasitoid wasp species. Even though there is a cohort of parasitoid species associated with P.... -
Journal article
Biological and morphological studies on the parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of Aprosthema tardum (Klug) (Hymenoptera, Argidae, Sterictiphorinae) in Var, southern France
Field surveys at four neighbouring but discrete sites in southern France revealed the presence of five ichneumonid parasitoids of the -feeding sterictiphorine argid sawfly . Four of these parasitoids, , (both Ctenopelmatinae), and (both Tryphoninae), could be identified and, by also incorporating laboratory studies, the developmental biology of each was... -
Journal article
Butterfly–parasitoid–hostplant interactions in Western Palaearctic Hesperiidae: a DNA barcoding reference library
The study of ecological interactions between plants, phytophagous insects and their natural enemies is an essential but challenging component for understanding ecosystem dynamics. Molecular methods such as DNA barcoding can help elucidate these interactions. In this study, we employed DNA barcoding to establish hostplant and parasitoid interactions with hesperiid butterflies,... -
Journal article
Rearings of four European Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), three new to Britain including a new species of Cotesia Cameron, 1891
Cotesia carterocephali sp. nov. is described from a single gregarious brood reared from a posthibernation final instar larva of the hesperiid butterfly Carterocephalus palaemon in Scotland. Details of English rearings of two other Microgastrinae recorded from Britain for the first time are also given: Distatrix pompelon, gregariously from the erebiid... -
Journal article
Characterisation of some species groups of Brachymeria (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), with a review of the B. tibialis-group and description of a new species parasitizing Zygaena pupae (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)
The Brachymeria tibialis species group is newly recognized and diagnosed together with the Brachymeria annulata, femorata, kassiliensis and lasus species groups also newly defined. In these diagnoses a few morphological characters of the ventral part of the mesosoma, discovered in this study, are proposed to help differentiate the groups. The...Delvare, Gérard ; Shaw, Mark R
BIOLOGY, HOSTS , LEPIDOPTERA , DISTRIBUTION , MORPHOLOGY , and SPECIES GROUPS DIAGNOSES