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Journal article
St Patrick’s footprint – an early Medieval royal inauguration site at Portpatrick?
A rock-cut footprint linked in tradition to St Patrick was recorded and destroyed during harbour works at Portpatrick (Wigtownshire) in the early nineteenth century. This paper argues it was an early Medieval royal inauguration site, based on wider Scottish and Irish parallels. The footprint's setting, on a rock in a...Hunter, Fraser ; Hunter, J
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Journal article
Worked shale. In: Savory, Gary, Mike Cressey, Clare Ellis, Mhairi Hastie, Fraser Hunter, Jennifer Thoms, and Graeme Carruthers. 2019. Excavation of a double-ditched enclosure at Winchburgh, West Lothian
A sub-circular double-ditched enclosure, visible as a cropmark on aerial photographs, was excavated by CFA Archaeology Ltd in 2013. The enclosure had an inner ditch with two possible entrances and an intermittent outer ditch. The inner ditch measured up to 4.65m wide and survived to a maximum depth of 1.4m....Hunter, Fraser
Circular enclosure, Jewellery, Ditch, Glass bead, and Animal remains
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Journal article
Glass. In: Savory, Gary, Mike Cressey, Clare Ellis, Mhairi Hastie, Fraser Hunter, Jennifer Thoms, and Graeme Carruthers. 2019. Excavation of a double-ditched enclosure at Winchburgh, West Lothian
A sub-circular double-ditched enclosure, visible as a cropmark on aerial photographs, was excavated by CFA Archaeology Ltd in 2013. The enclosure had an inner ditch with two possible entrances and an intermittent outer ditch. The inner ditch measured up to 4.65m wide and survived to a maximum depth of 1.4m....Hunter, Fraser
Circular enclosure, Jewellery, Ditch, Glass bead, and Animal remains
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Journal article
Context for a carnyx: excavation of a long-lived ritual site at Leitchestown, Deskford, Moray, north-east Scotland
Excavations at the findspot of the Deskford carnyx, a major piece of Iron Age decorated metalwork found in a bog in the early nineteenth century, revealed a special location with a long history. Early Neolithic activity on the adjacent ridge consisted of massive postholes and pits, suggesting a ceremonial site....Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Coping with changing worlds: the roles of Celtic art in central Britain in the Roman period
What happened to the Brigantes when Rome took over? How were they affected by military events? Can we see sub-territories in their material culture? How did they react to the opportunities that Rome offered? Was their way of looking at the world altered? This reasonably-priced book summarises current opinion.Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Objects made of iron and bone
During the late 1st millennium BC into the early 1st millennium AD, the small island of Unst in the far north of the Shetland (and British) Isles was home to well-established and connected farming and fishing communities. The Iron Age settlement at Milla Skerra was occupied for at least 500...Goldberg, D Martin ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
A northern view of Arras: or, we have chariots too
In 1817 a group of East Yorkshire gentry opened barrows in a large Iron Age cemetery on the Yorkshire Wolds at Arras, near Market Weighton, including a remarkable burial accompanied by a chariot with two horses, which became known as the King’s Barrow. This was the third season of excavation...Hunter, Fraser
lithic artefacts, prehistoric structure and pits, Palimpsest site, and prehistoric pottery
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Conference paper (unpublished)
Roman silver transformed: Hacksilber, its nature, uses and effects
Of the various forms of precious metal in the Roman world, Hacksilber is perhaps the least glamorous. These cut and crushed fragments of silver have received much less attention than intact plate or coinage. Yet they can cast fresh light on the ways in which precious metal was used in...Hunter, Fraser
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Conference paper (unpublished)
Living between walls: Northern responses to the Roman frontier
Any Wall conference needs to look at the people living in the landscape before Rome arrived. The Wall was built “to separate Romans and barbarians”, claims the only ancient reference to its role – but who were these “barbarians”? Other talks at the conference will consider the rural communities in...Hunter, Fraser
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Lecture
Re-examining the Rubers Law hoard
In 1863 a hoard of bronze vessels and other items was found on the slopes of the hillfort of Rubers Law, near Hawick. Although it crops up in the literature, it has received only cursory attention. In the course of preparing it for display in the revamped Trimontium Trust museum...Hunter, Fraser
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Lecture
Making sense of silver: the hacking of the Traprain Treasure
RSE Project: Narratives of Roman Scotland in the Digital Age. Organisers: Manuel Fernández-Götz, Chiara Bonacchi and Rebecca JonesHunter, Fraser
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Journal article
A century of Roman silver - new views on the Traprain Treasure
Dr Fraser Hunter provides a timely reassessment of the Traprain Treasure with the results of a ten-year research project that invites us to reassess why the treasure was 'hacked' and what this can tell us about Roman links to Scotland.Hunter, Fraser
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Conference paper (unpublished)
Le voir, le faire et la matière : l’art celtique comme processus
Ginoux, Nathalie ; Gosden, Chris ; Hoppe, Thomas ; Hunter, Fraser ; Krausse, Dirk …
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Book
The carnyx in Iron Age Europe : the Deskford carnyx in its European context [1]
The carnyx, an animal-headed bronze horn, once echoed across Iron Age Europe. Now, after centuries of silence, this book presents a full picture of this dramatic instrument for the first time. It considers the rare surviving fragments, with a detailed study of the Deskford carnyx from north-east Scotland, alongside depictions...Hunter, Fraser
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Book
The carnyx in Iron Age Europe : the Deskford carnyx in its European context [2]
The carnyx, an animal-headed bronze horn, once echoed across Iron Age Europe. Now, after centuries of silence, this book presents a full picture of this dramatic instrument for the first time. It considers the rare surviving fragments, with a detailed study of the Deskford carnyx from north-east Scotland, alongside depictions...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Technologies of the self: painted pebbles, ornaments and the burial
During the late 1st millennium BC into the early 1st millennium AD, the small island of Unst in the far north of the Shetland (and British) Isles was home to well-established and connected farming and fishing communities. The Iron Age settlement at Milla Skerra was occupied for at least 500...Goldberg, D Martin ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Shale analysis. In: Arabaolaz, Iraia. 2019. Beside the River Ayr in prehistoric times: excavations at Ayr Academy
Archaeological interventions at Ayr Academy, Ayrshire revealed a number of pits and postholes on a raised beach on a terrace of the River Ayr dating from the late Mesolithic to the late Bronze Age. One group of pits and postholes probably defines a middle Bronze Age burial ground. The environmental...Hunter, Fraser
lithic artefacts, prehistoric structure and pits, Palimpsest site, and prehistoric pottery
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Lecture
War and diplomacy on the northern frontier
Fraser Hunter's talk for our branch is titled "War and Diplomacy on the Northern Frontier" and will focus on the relations between Romans and locals in this area of the Empire.Hunter, Fraser
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Lecture
The Traprain Treasure – latest research on a remarkable Roman silver hoard
The Roman Treasure from Traprain Law Excavated on Traprain Law in May 1919, this was one of the most spectacular discoveries of Roman silver ever made in Europe – and the biggest hoard found to date of ‘hacksilver’: 23kg, battered, crushed and chopped-up silver vessels. An international team of scholars...Hunter, Fraser
Late Roman Hoard, Traprain Law, East Lothian, hacksilver, elite tableware, and Silver Treasure
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Lecture
From Gaul to Galloway: Early Celtic Art and Iron Age Connections
Galloway has produced remarkable treasures of early Celtic art such as the Torrs pony cap, found near Castle Douglas, but their stories are little known. Fraser Hunter, principal curator of prehistoric and Roman archaeology at National Museums Scotland, uses art and archaeology as witnesses to the area’s ancient past. How...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
A context for the Treasure: Traprain Law and Rome's northern frontier
The discovery of the Traprain Treasure was the most dramatic moment in a spectacular and long-running excavation. While nothing else quite matched the excitement of this find, the results of work at Traprain Law redefined perspectives on the Scottish Iron Age and relations with the Roman world. This chapter will...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Insights from unidentified fragments
Alexander Curle's published catalogue consists of 152 entries, which correlate directly with National Museums Scotland catalogue nos GVA 1-152. His entry 144 is for a 'collection of irregularly-shaped fragments of undecorated, thin pieces of plate which has probably broken off platters or other flat dishes.Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Coral in northern climates: an exotic coral bead from Iron Age Scotland and its implications
This paper is offered to Eugène in the spirit of his own wide-ranging research and his ability to extract good stories from finds. The first author met Eugène at an Edinburgh conference on 'Scotland in later prehistoric Europe', where he offered a masterly overview of the southern Low Countries over...Hunter, Fraser ; Fürst, Sebastian
rich finds assemblage, Scotland and Europe, Eugène Warmenbol, Broxmouth, Iron Age, and Bead of Mediterranean coral
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Lecture
A temple for the sun-god: remarkable finds from Roman Inveresk
Dr Fraser Hunter, Principle Curator of Iron Age and Roman Collections at the National Museum of Scotland, returns to the 1722 Waggonway Heritage Centre to give a lecture on the Roman finds at Inveresk, including clues which point to a Temple of Mithras.Hunter, Fraser
Mithras, Roman Scotland, stone altar , and Inveresk
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Lecture
Celts: Art and Identity
Dr Fraser Hunter FSA Scot, Principal Curator, Iron Age & Roman Collections in the National Museums Scotland, presents a lecture on “Celts: Art and Identity” to coincide with the international exhibition on Celts held in the NMS in collaboration with the British Museum. The lecture was recorded on Monday 11...Hunter, Fraser
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Book
Revealing Trimontium. The correspondence of James Curle of Melrose, excavator of Newstead Roman fort
The Roman fort of Trimontium is renowned internationally thanks to the work of James Curle (1862–1944) who led the excavations of 1905–1910. This volume brings together key sets of his correspondence which cast fresh light on the intellectual networks of the early 20th century, when professional archaeology was still in...Hunter, Fraser
Trimontium, James Curle (1862–1944), Roman fort , personal correspondence, and archaeological excavations
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Lecture
War and diplomacy on the northern frontier: the impact of Rome on south-west Scotland and beyond
The story of Roman Scotland often gets told from the Roman point of view, with a focus on the army and its actions. But the legions did not simply march into an empty landscape. The Iron Age peoples of Scotland reacted to this invasion in many different ways, from outright...Hunter, Fraser
Roman Scotland, Iron Age, societies, fortifications, and frontiers
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Book chapter
'Items that are likely to date to the Late Iron Age/Romano-British period' In: Boughey, Keith, A Tale of Two Collectors: The Lithic Collections of Geoffrey Taylor and David Heys (with particular reference to the county of Yorkshire)
The book begins with brief biographies of the two collectors and outlines the areas in which they collected, principally the North York Moors, and their method of working, before attempting to set their work into its wider prehistoric context. It then explains how the over 18,000 worked pieces in the...Hunter, Fraser ; Sheridan, J A
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Book chapter
'The zoomorphic ring-headed pin' In: Strachan, David, Cook, Martin and McLaren, Dawn 'Three Forts on the Tay: Excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy, Perth and Kinross 2014–17'
The most remarkable find from the Moredun excavations was a copper-alloy bird-headed pin (Figures 4.7, 4.8 and 4.9), unique and yet readily placed into a wider context. It is a miniature masterpiece of early Celtic art dating to the 3rd century BC. A summary of the find and its wider...Hunter, Fraser
copper-alloy bird-headed pin, chamfrain, archaeological excavations, Bronze mask , and Moredun excavations
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Lecture
War and diplomacy on Rome’s northern frontier
The Roman army provided the muscle for the most powerful empire in the ancient world. But this empire met its limits. The fearsome legions tried three times to conquer Scotland, and three times they withdrew. This epic tale of war and diplomacy, of advance and retreat, of divide and rule,...Hunter, Fraser
Roman conquest, archaeological finds, Roman Scotland, material culture, and Stirlingshire
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Lecture
Aspects of Roman Scotland
Hunter, Fraser
Hoards and Roman Scotland
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Journal article
Recent finds from Strageath Roman fort
Recent finds from the Roman fort complex at Strageath are described, including cavalry harness fittings, a sword hilt guard of Piggott’s Group IV, and an unusual enamelled pin. Selected older finds are reviewed, with consideration of the influence of indigenous traditions on the material culture of the garrisons, the manufacturing...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Cramond Roman Fort: evidence from excavations at Cramond Kirk Hall, 1998 and 2001. Section 6: Other finds.
Excavation on the site of an extension to Cramond Kirk Hall has provided new evidence for the layout of the defences of the Roman fort, the route of the road immediately beyond it and for the phases of Roman military occupation at Cramond postulated by previous excavators. The features encountered...Masser, Paul ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Thainstone Business Park, Inverurie, Aberdeenshire. Section 5: Finds - 5.1 Glass bead; 5.2 Crucible.
Report on the excavation of a roundhouse and related structures dated by 14C to the first–second century AD. Internal details and building repairs allow some assessment of the structure of the building. The site also provides a well-dated context for a Guido class 13 glass bead, a type more common...Murray, H. K. ; Murray, J. C. ; Hunter, Fraser ; Heald, Andrew
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Journal article
Various entries
Cowie, Trevor ; Heald, Andrew ; Hunter, Fraser ; Saville, Alan
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Book chapter
Cist burials and an Iron Age settlement at Dryburn Bridge, Innerwick, East Lothian. Section 8: The Finds from the Iron Age Settlement - 8.3 Copper alloy; 8.4 Iron; 8.6 Oil shale; and cannel coal; 8.9 Discussion of the artefact assemblage.
This report provides an account of the excavations of a cropmark enclosure and other prehistoric remains at Dryburn Bridge, near Innerwick in East Lothian. The excavations were directed over two seasons in 1978 and 1979 by Jon Triscott and David Pollock, and were funded by the Ancient Monuments Branch, Scottish...Dunwell, A ; Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
New aspects of rotary querns in Scotland
McLaren, Dawn ; Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
The worked bone, in; Excavation of a burnt mound at Meur, Sanday, Orkney (Toolis, R)
In early 2005 a cluster of orthostat stones was exposed by coastal erosion at Meur, Sanday, Orkney. The excavation revealed a stone trough within the centre of an open space defined by walls. It was associated with at least one compartment and a secondary corbelled cistern with an overflow drain...Hunter, Fraser ; McLaren, Dawn
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Journal article
The Roman tile fragment
Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
Artifact: Romano-British Brooch
Hunter, Fraser
Celtic, Lamberton Moor, Jewellry, Scottish Borders, Roman, and dragonesque
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Journal article
Tombstone of a Roman cavalry trooper discovered
Hunter, Fraser ; Keppie, L
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Book chapter
Mesolithic and later sites around the Inner Sound, Scotland: the work of the Scotland’s First Settlers project 1998–2004. Section 2.2 Active Sites Report - Metal and glass; Section 3.9 Sand - Metal, slag and glass from sand
Scotland’s First Settlers comprised a survey project to locate and examine sites relating to the earliest, Mesolithic, settlement of the Inner Sound, along the coastlands between Skye and the west coast of Scotland. Particular foci of interest included the existence and nature of midden sites, the use of rockshelters and...Hunter, Fraser ; Heald, Andrew ; Caldwell, David H ; Campbell, Stuart ; McLaren, Dawn
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Book chapter
Bruach An Druimein, Poltalloch, Argyll: excavations directed by the late Eric Cregeen, 1960–2. Section 8.2 Shale bangle; Section 8.5 Crucibles; Section 8.6 Metal artefacts.
Rescue excavations in advance of gravel quarrying were carried out under the direction of the late Eric Cregeen from 1960 to 1962, at Bruach an Druimein, Poltalloch, Mid Argyll (NGR: NR 820 972). The site lies on one of the fluvio-glacial terraces which border the Kilmartin Glen, overlooking the lower...Abernethy, Duncan ; Heald, Andrew ; Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
Traprain law and the Roman world
Hunter, Fraser
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Hunter, Fraser
Denarius, Scotland , Roman , Traprain Law, and Birnie
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Journal article
Roman Britain in 2009, I. Sites Explored
Roman Britain in 2009: sites explored in Wales, Scotland and England.Hunter, Fraser ; Wilson, Peter ; Booth, Paul ; Chapman, Evan M
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Journal article
Roman Britain in 2009 2. Scotland
Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
Bangle fragment of shale or channel coal in Excavations on the route of the Dalkeith northern bypass, 1994-1995 and 2006
An evaluation and subsequent targeted excavations were carried out along the route of the proposed A68 Dalkeith Northern Bypass by the Centre for Field Archaeology (CFA) between September 1994 and March 1995, with additional watching briefs taking place in 1997. The work was commissioned by Historic Scotland on behalf of...Hunter, Fraser ; Cameron, K ; Cressey, M ; Dunwell, A ; Mitchell, S …
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Journal article
Sculptural Fragment in Excavations on the route of the Dalkeith northern bypass, 1994-95 and 2006
An evaluation and subsequent targeted excavations were carried out along the route of the proposed A68 Dalkeith Northern Bypass by the Centre for Field Archaeology (CFA) between September 1994 and March 1995, with additional watching briefs taking place in 1997. The work was commissioned by Historic Scotland on behalf of...Hunter, Fraser ; Cameron, K ; Cressey, M ; Dunwell, A ; Mitchell, S …
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Journal article
Blair Drummond metal detector find and excavation
Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
Ardesier. Metal detector find
Hunter, Fraser
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Conference paper (published)
Changing objects in changing worlds: dragonesque brooches and beaded torcs
Hunter, Fraser
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Conference paper (published)
Digging Birnie, 1998-2009: The story (so far) of an Iron Age power centre
Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Fired clay. In M Cressey & S Anderson, A later prehistoric settlement and metalworking site at Seafield West, near Inverness, Highland
Construction in 1996 at a major retail development site close to Inverness, Highland resulted in the destruction of two known cropmark sites. One set of cropmarks was found to be associated with a Bronze Age log-boat burial site and the results of the ensuing excavation are published elsewhere (Cressey &...Hunter, Fraser
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