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Book chapter
Hacksilber in the Late Roman and Early Medieval world – economics, frontier politics and imperial legacies
This volume explores the final phase of the West Roman Empire, particularly the changing interactions between the imperial authority and external 'barbarian' groups in the northwest frontiers of the empire during the fourth and fifth centuries. The contributions present valuable overviews of recent archaeological research combined with innovative theoretical discussions....Hunter, Fraser ; Painter, Kenneth
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Book chapter
Glass bead
Trusty's Hill is an early medieval fort at Gatehouse of Fleet, Dumfries and Galloway. The hillfort comprises a fortified citadel defined by a vitrified rampart around its summit, with a number of enclosures looping out along lower-lying terraces and crags. The approach to its summit is flanked on one side...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
X-ray fluorescence analysis of metalworking ceramics and coper alloy mount
Trusty's Hill is an early medieval fort at Gatehouse of Fleet, Dumfries and Galloway. The hillfort comprises a fortified citadel defined by a vitrified rampart around its summit, with a number of enclosures looping out along lower-lying terraces and crags. The approach to its summit is flanked on one side...Cruickshanks, Gemma ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
The ironwork
Trusty's Hill is an early medieval fort at Gatehouse of Fleet, Dumfries and Galloway. The hillfort comprises a fortified citadel defined by a vitrified rampart around its summit, with a number of enclosures looping out along lower-lying terraces and crags. The approach to its summit is flanked on one side...Cruickshanks, Gemma ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
The lead
Trusty's Hill is an early medieval fort at Gatehouse of Fleet, Dumfries and Galloway. The hillfort comprises a fortified citadel defined by a vitrified rampart around its summit, with a number of enclosures looping out along lower-lying terraces and crags. The approach to its summit is flanked on one side...Cruickshanks, Gemma ; Hunter, Fraser
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Lecture
Celts: Art and Identity
Dr Fraser Hunter FSA Scot, Principal Curator, Iron Age & Roman Collections in the National Museums Scotland, presents a lecture on “Celts: Art and Identity” to coincide with the international exhibition on Celts held in the NMS in collaboration with the British Museum. The lecture was recorded on Monday 11...Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
Tracing troops: an Upper German belt-fitting from Roman Scotland
A silver belt-fitting from Cramond in the shape of a ring-pommel sword is linked to a class of beneficiarius equipment typical of Germania Superior. It is argued that this represents troop movements connected with the Severan campaigns.Hunter, Fraser
beneficiarius, ring-pommel, military belt-fitting, Germania Superior, Roman military equipment, silver, and Cramond
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Book chapter
Roman Iron Age activity at stone monuments in north-east Scotland
The study of stone circles has long played a major role in British and Irish archaeology, and for Scotland most attention has been focused on the large monuments of Orkney and the Western Isles. Several decades of fieldwork have shown how these major structures are likely to be of early...Bradley, R ; Clarke, Amanda ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
The jet-like material
Portmahomack on the Tarbat peninsula overlooking the Dornoch Firth is a fishing village with a 1,500-year-old history. In the sixth and seventh century it was a high-ranking centre with monumental cist burials and links to the equestrian class in England. In the eighth century it was a monastery, creating manuscripts...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
The ironwork
Cruickshanks, Gemma ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Beyond Hadrian’s Wall
Britannia’s northern frontier varied considerably over the Roman period, stabilizing only in the early third century. This variation leads to a fascinating archaeological record of the changing Roman military presence and its relation to the local population. This chapter examines the local Iron Age societies, considers military aspects of the...Hunter, Fraser ; Revell, Louise ; Moore, Alison
Antonine Wall, military community, Scotland, frontier life, diplomacy, interaction with local population, Agricola, Celtic art, and subsidy
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Journal article
Mithras in Scotland: a Mithraeum at Inveresk (East Lothian)
Excavations to the east of the Roman fort of Inveresk in 2010 partly uncovered remains of a Mithraeum — the first from Scotland and the earliest securely dated example from Britain. A large rectangular sunken feature with lateral benches contained two altars buried face down at its north-western end. One...Hunter, Fraser ; Henig, Martin ; Sauer, Eberhard ; Gooder, John
Apollo Citharodeous, Mithras, Inveresk, pigments, Sol, plectrum, lyre, and Mithraeum
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Book chapter
Excavations at Waulkmill, Tarland, Aberdeenshire: a Neolithic pit, Roman Iron Age burials and an earlier prehistoric stone circle
The study of stone circles has long played a major role in British and Irish archaeology, and for Scotland most attention has been focused on the large monuments of Orkney and the Western Isles. Several decades of fieldwork have shown how these major structures are likely to be of early...Bradley, R ; Clarke, Amanda ; Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
Gods and monsters in Roman Scotland
Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
‘Coal money’ from Portpatrick (south-west Scotland): reconstructing an Early Medieval craft centre from antiquarian finds
Late 19th and 20th-century finds of debris from shale bangle manufacture at Portpatrick in south-west Scotland occasioned considerable interest at the time. The early discoveries were found in grave-digging, giving rise to folk traditions of the material as ‘coal money’ placed with the departed, but these were soon dismissed by...Hunter, Fraser
bangles, antiquarian study, Early Medieval, Irish connections, Oil shale, and craft processes
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Book
Late Roman Silver: The Traprain Treasure in Context
The Traprain Law treasure from east Lothian in south-east Scotland is the most dramatic hoard of late Roman Hacksilber yet found. The interpretation of these bent, broken and crushed silver fragments has long been debated. Were they loot broken up by uncultured barbarians, or some form of diplomatic gift? This...Hunter, Fraser
Scotland, Romans, Silver, and Traprain Law
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Journal article
Traprain law and the Roman world
Hunter, Fraser
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Research report
Excavations at Birnie, Moray, 2009
The 2009 excavations examined six roundhouses, three of which had burnt down. Several showed signs of later activity. Trench AL looked at burnt deposits uncovered in a previous trial trench. It revealed a substantial ring-ditch house, 16 m in diameter, which had been repaired and rebuilt before burning down, preserving...Hunter, Fraser
Iron Age Birnie Romans Scotland Antiquities Bronze Age Middle Ages
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Book chapter
4.3.2 Copper alloy
Excavation on the headland at Auldhame has revealed one thousand years of burial activity and liturgical practice, the nature of which changed over the course of the millennium. It has charted the birth and death of a church, from a monastic settlement established in the seventh century AD, which then...McLaren, Dawn ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
4.3.4 Iron
Excavation on the headland at Auldhame has revealed one thousand years of burial activity and liturgical practice, the nature of which changed over the course of the millennium. It has charted the birth and death of a church, from a monastic settlement established in the seventh century AD, which then...McLaren, Dawn ; Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
How art treasures reveal the story of the Celts
A major exhibition at the National Museum of Scotland is seeking to unravel the complex story of the different groups who have been given the name Celts, through the extraordinary art objects they made and used.Hunter, Fraser ; Goldberg, D Martin
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Book chapter
4.3.5 Lead
Excavation on the headland at Auldhame has revealed one thousand years of burial activity and liturgical practice, the nature of which changed over the course of the millennium. It has charted the birth and death of a church, from a monastic settlement established in the seventh century AD, which then...McLaren, Dawn ; Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
Celts: an exploration through objects
Fraser Hunter and Martin Goldberg introduce a major new exhibition which brings together renowned Celtic art from across the continent for the first time in a generation.Hunter, Fraser ; Goldberg, D Martin
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Journal article
Appendix 5: the Sheep Hill oil shale and cannel coal jewellery: In E W MacKie, Excavations on Sheep Hill, West Dunbartonshire, 1966-69: a Late Bronze Age timber-framed dun and a small Iron Age hillfort
Excavations at Sheep Hill hillfort, West Dunbartonshire, took place at weekends between 1966 and 1969, with a small team of volunteers. The fort is sited on a volcanic plug of basalt with extensive views up and down the river Clyde. The finds are in the Hunterian Museum of the University...Mackie, Ewan ; Hunter, Fraser
vitrified fort, moulds, shale ornaments, cup-and-ring rock, and hillfort
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Book chapter
The lure of silver: denarius hoards and relations across the frontier
Roman frontiers defined the Roman Empire, one of the greatest states that the world has ever seen. By understanding these frontiers we can better understand the relationship between Rome and her neighbours. Leading scholars of the frontiers of the Roman Empire have come together to present this collection of essays...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Introduction [Scotland in later prehistoric Europe]
How did Scotland relate to wider European patterns in later prehistory? This key topic is addressed by the papers in this volume, which review recent work on the Scottish later Bronze Age and Iron Age in the light of its neighbours. Authors use the explosion of recent data to investigate...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Craft in context: artefact production in later prehistoric Scotland
How did Scotland relate to wider European patterns in later prehistory? This key topic is addressed by the papers in this volume, which review recent work on the Scottish later Bronze Age and Iron Age in the light of its neighbours. Authors use the explosion of recent data to investigate...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
In search of the Celts
The real and imagined legacy of the ancient Celts has shaped modern identities across the British Isles and retains a powerful hold over the popular imagination. Furthermore, Celtic art is one of Europe’s great artistic traditions, with the skills of Celtic craftspeople standing alongside the best of the ancient and...Hunter, Fraser ; Goldberg, D Martin
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Book chapter
Powerful objects: the uses of art in the Iron Age
The real and imagined legacy of the ancient Celts has shaped modern identities across the British Isles and retains a powerful hold over the popular imagination. Furthermore, Celtic art is one of Europe’s great artistic traditions, with the skills of Celtic craftspeople standing alongside the best of the ancient and...Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
Celtic arts
In September the British Museum opens a major exhibition about Celts, which moves to the National Museum of Scotland in March next year. Julia Farley and Fraser Hunter (who edited the accompanying book) and Martin Goldberg and Ian Leins outline the background to what promises to be a spectacular show,...Farley, Julia ; Hunter, Fraser ; Goldberg, D Martin ; Leins, Ian
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Book chapter
Celtic arts in the long term: continuity, change and connections
The real and imagined legacy of the ancient Celts has shaped modern identities across the British Isles and retains a powerful hold over the popular imagination. Furthermore, Celtic art is one of Europe’s great artistic traditions, with the skills of Celtic craftspeople standing alongside the best of the ancient and...Hunter, Fraser ; Goldberg, D Martin ; Farley, Julia ; Leins, Ian
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Book chapter
A connected Europe, c.500-150 BC
The real and imagined legacy of the ancient Celts has shaped modern identities across the British Isles and retains a powerful hold over the popular imagination. Furthermore, Celtic art is one of Europe’s great artistic traditions, with the skills of Celtic craftspeople standing alongside the best of the ancient and...Joy, Jody ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
The impact of Rome, c. AD 50-250
The real and imagined legacy of the ancient Celts has shaped modern identities across the British Isles and retains a powerful hold over the popular imagination. Furthermore, Celtic art is one of Europe’s great artistic traditions, with the skills of Celtic craftspeople standing alongside the best of the ancient and...Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
‘The cannel coal bangle’. In: H Gray & I Suddaby, ‘Early Neolithic pits, an Iron Age ring-ditch house and associated features at Coul Brae, Mosstodloch, Moray’
Excavations at Coul Brae, Mosstodloch, Moray, revealed the remains of a multi-period site including two Early Neolithic pits containing large quantities of Carinated Bowl in the modified ‘North-East Style’, lithics, a broken saddle quern and charred oak. To the south of these features lay the remains of an Early to...Hunter, Fraser
Moray, Carinated Bowl ware, Neolithic pits, Iron Age, and ring-ditch
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Book chapter
Vielfalt und Einheit, Tradition und Veränderung: Keltische Kunst in Großbritannien und Irland
Seit Jahrzehnten beschäftigen sich Archäologen, Historiker, Sprach- und Naturwissenschaftler mit den Kelten, einem bunten Gemisch verschiedener Stammesgemeinschaften mit ähnlichen Traditionen in Kunst, Handwerk, Religion und Sprache, welche die Geschichte Mitteleuropas im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr. entscheidend prägten. Besonders in Südwestdeutschland ziehen spektakuläre Neufunde wie zuletzt das reich ausgestattete Frauengrab aus...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Ursprünglich getrennt – Ponykappe und Hörner von Torrs
Seit Jahrzehnten beschäftigen sich Archäologen, Historiker, Sprach- und Naturwissenschaftler mit den Kelten, einem bunten Gemisch verschiedener Stammesgemeinschaften mit ähnlichen Traditionen in Kunst, Handwerk, Religion und Sprache, welche die Geschichte Mitteleuropas im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr. entscheidend prägten. Besonders in Südwestdeutschland ziehen spektakuläre Neufunde wie zuletzt das reich ausgestattete Frauengrab aus...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Land der Kelten? Die Britischen Inseln
Seit Jahrzehnten beschäftigen sich Archäologen, Historiker, Sprach- und Naturwissenschaftler mit den Kelten, einem bunten Gemisch verschiedener Stammesgemeinschaften mit ähnlichen Traditionen in Kunst, Handwerk, Religion und Sprache, welche die Geschichte Mitteleuropas im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr. entscheidend prägten. Besonders in Südwestdeutschland ziehen spektakuläre Neufunde wie zuletzt das reich ausgestattete Frauengrab aus...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Jug with biblical scenes
The book celebrates the 850th anniversary of the arrival of the remains of The Magi, the Three Wise Men, in Cologne, the momentous event that made the cathedral city one of the major pilgrimage sites of the Middle Ages. Their remains were installed and integrated into the Shrine of the...Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
'Synthesis of material culture'. In: Church, M. J., Nesbitt, C. & Gilmour, S. M. D. ‘A special place in the saltings? Survey and excavation of an Iron Age estuarine inlet at An Dunan, Lewis, Western Isles’
This is the third of a series of four papers that present the excavations undertaken on the Uig Peninsula, Isle of Lewis, as part of the Uig Landscape Project. We present the archaeological evidence from An Dunan, a causewayed tidal islet in the salt marsh of Uig sands, a liminal...McLaren, Dawn ; Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
'Shale armlet'. In: Church, M. J., Nesbitt, C. & Gilmour, S. M. D. ‘A special place in the saltings? Survey and excavation of an Iron Age estuarine inlet at An Dunan, Lewis, Western Isles’
This is the third of a series of four papers that present the excavations undertaken on the Uig Peninsula, Isle of Lewis, as part of the Uig Landscape Project. We present the archaeological evidence from An Dunan, a causewayed tidal islet in the salt marsh of Uig sands, a liminal...Hunter, Fraser
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Journal article
'Amber'. In: Church, M. J., Nesbitt, C. & Gilmour, S. M. D. ‘A special place in the saltings? Survey and excavation of an Iron Age estuarine inlet at An Dunan, Lewis, Western Isles’
This is the third of a series of four papers that present the excavations undertaken on the Uig Peninsula, Isle of Lewis, as part of the Uig Landscape Project. We present the archaeological evidence from An Dunan, a causewayed tidal islet in the salt marsh of Uig sands, a liminal...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Art in context: the massive metalworking tradition of North-East Scotland
The ancient Celtic world evokes debate, discussion, romanticism and mythicism. On the one hand it represents a specialist area of archaeological interest, on the other, it has a wide general appeal. The Celtic world is accessible through archaeology, history, linguistics and art history. Of these disciplines, art history offers the...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Looking over the Wall: the Late and Post-Roman Iron Age north of Hadrian’s Wall
As part of its centenary celebrations in 2010, the Roman Society organised a number of conferences across the UK exploring the theme of AD410 and the “End of Roman Britain”. This volume contains a selection of 16 papers delivered at these conferences, tackling the debate from different angles (historical, archaeological,...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
The copper alloy
Cruickshanks, Gemma ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
The pumice and coarse stone
McLaren, Dawn ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
The stone objects
McLaren, Dawn ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
The iron
Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
The shale bangle
Hunter, Fraser
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Conference paper (published)
Digging Birnie, 1998-2009: The story (so far) of an Iron Age power centre
Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Stories from black bangles: jewellery and other finds of jet-like materials in Roman Scotland
Lindsay Allason-Jones has been at the forefront of small finds and Roman frontier research for 40 years in a career focussed on, but not exclusive to, the north of Britain, encompassing an enormous range of object types and subject areas. Divided into thematic sections the contributions presented here to celebrate...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Iron
Sections: 10.7.1 Introduction; 10.7.2 Discussion; 10.7.3 Catalogue. The 1970s excavations at Broxmouth represent one of the most comprehensive examinations of any Iron Age hillfort. It was also the place where a whole generation of Scottish archaeologists learned their trade. Like many projects of its time, however, Broxmouth remained unpublished, other...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Coral bead
Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Shale and cannel coal
Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Worked bone and antler
Sections: 10.3.1 Introduction; 10.3.2 Sources of raw materials; 10.3.3 Working evidence; 10.3.4 Production technology and its development; 10.3.5 Object range (Tools, Ornaments, Weaponry, Fixtures and Fittings, Object Lives); 10.3.6 Decoration; 10.3.7 The assemblage in context; 10.3.8 Catalogue.Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Kastell Inveresk: Leibwächter, geköpfte Tote und Mysterienkulte in Britannien
Am nordwestlichen Rand des Römischen Reiches werfen aktuelle Ausgrabungen ein neues Licht auf das Leben an der Grenze. Das Kastell von Inveresk befindet sich zehn Kilometer östlich von Edinburgh, an der südlichen Seite des Firth of Forth, einer großen Bucht an Schottlands Ostküste. Der Antoninuswall, die römische Grenzlinie in Nordbritannien,...Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Gleaned from the soil: fieldwalking Trimontium’
James Curle's excavation of the Roman frontier fort of Newstead, ancient Trimontium, near Melrose in the Scottish Borders, was a landmark in Roman frontier studies culminating with his book, published in 1911. This volume was conceived as a celebration, looking back to Curle and his work, and looking forward to...Elliot, W ; Hunter, Fraser
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Book chapter
Preface to Late Roman silver: the Traprain treasure in context
The Traprain Law treasure from east Lothian in south-east Scotland is the most dramatic hoard of late Roman Hacksilber yet found. The interpretation of these bent, broken and crushed silver fragments has long been debated. Were they loot broken up by uncultured barbarians, or some form of diplomatic gift? This...Hunter, Fraser ; Painter, Kenneth
Silverwork, Silverware, Scotland, Romans, and Traprain Law