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2023
Journal article
Towards a functional understanding of the cyclorrhaphan larval head (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha)
The larval stage is thought to play a significant role in radiations of Diptera (Insecta), but for the Cyclorrhapha (Diptera), a well-supported and diversified clade, evaluating larval roles is hindered by low taxon sampling, unresolved morphology and presumed similarity. This paper reviews investigations of the cyclorrhaphan larval head based on...Rotheray, Graham E
Mandible , Pseudocephalon, Biomechanics , Feeding , and Head skeleton
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2021
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2006
Journal article
Ptychopteridae – a family of flies (Diptera) new to the Neotropical Region and description of a new species.
A new species of Ptychoptera Meigen (Diptera: Ptychopteridae) is described from cloud forest in southern Mexico, representing the first definitive record of the family in the Neotropical Region.Hancock, E Geoffrey ; Marcos-Garcia, M-Angeles ; Rotheray, Graham E
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2012
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2012
Journal article
Sampling methods for assessing Syrphid biodiversity (Diptera: Syrphidae) in tropical forests
When assessing the species richness of a taxonomic group in a specific area, the choiceof sampling method is critical. In this study, the effectiveness of three methods for sampling syrphids(Diptera: Syrphidae) in tropical forests is compared: Malaise trapping, collecting adults with an entomological net, and collecting and rearing immatures. Surveys...Marcos-Garcia, M-Angeles ; Garcia-Lopez, A ; Zumbado, M A ; Rotheray, Graham E
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2012
Journal article
Revision of the New World genus Quichuana Knab, 1913 (Diptera: Syrphidae), including descriptions of 24 new species.
The species of the New World syrphid genus, Quichuana Knab, 1913 (Diptera: Syrphidae: Eristalini), are revised and the genus is re-diagnosed. Twenty-four new species are described, bringing the total number considered valid to 48. New species were mostly reared from Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru, Trinidad, and... -
2009
Journal article
Pollen feeding larvae in the presumed predatory syrphine genus Toxomerus Macquart (Diptera, Syrphidae)
The morphology and biology of the larva of Toxomerus apegiensis (Harbach, 1974) are described from Suriname. This larva feeds on pollen of Olyra obliquifolia Steudel, a bambusoid grass (Poaceae) that grows in the understorey of tropical rainforests. The morphology of the larva of Toxomerus politus (Say, 1823), which feeds on...Reemer, Menno ; Rotheray, Graham E
Toxomerus apegiensis, Neotropical rainforest, Olyra obliquifolia, Suriname, and Toxomerus politus
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2017
Journal article
Rediscovery and reclassification of the dipteran taxon Nothomicrodon Wheeler, an exclusive endoparasitoid of gyne ant larvae
The myrmecophile larva of the dipteran taxon Nothomicrodon Wheeler is rediscovered, almost a century after its original description and unique report. The systematic position of this dipteran has remained enigmatic due to the absence of reared imagos to confirm indentity. We also failed to rear imagos, but we scrutinized entire...Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela ; Jahyny, Benoit J B ; Ståhls, Gunilla ; Rotheray, Graham E ; Delabie, Jacques H C …
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2016
Journal article
Improving knowledge of the cyclorrhaphan larva (Diptera)
A significant factor in the evolution of the Cyclorrhapha (Diptera), the most biodiverse of higher dipteran taxa, is the larva. The larva also has wide-ranging trophic and environmental relationships, including positive and negative impacts on human health and wealth. Despite its importance, the larva is neglected and a low proportion...Rotheray, Graham E
feeding mechanism, morphology, diversification, feeding mode, Evolvability, movement, and rearing
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2012
Journal article
Morphology of the puparium and breeding sites of eight species of Heleomyzidae (Diptera)
Rearing data from higher plants, carrion and bird and mammal nests and burrows are provided for eight species of Heleomyzidae (Diptera): Heleomyzinae: Heleomyza borealis Boheman, Scoliocentra brachypterna (Loew) and Eccoptomera microps (Meigen); Heteromyzinae: Tephrochlamys flavipes (Zetterstedt), Tephrochlamys tarsalis (Zetterstedt) and Heteromyza rotundicornis (Zetterstedt); and Suillinae: Suillia ustulata (Meigen) and Suillia...Rotheray, Graham E
functional morphology, locomotion, breeding sites, puparium, head skeleton, Cyclorrhapha, taxonomic characters, and description
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2015
Journal article
Nematocera flies recorded in Serra do Courel, northwest Spain, May 2012 (Diptera: Anisopodidae, Blepharoceridae, Cylindrotomidae, Limoniidae, Pediciidae, Tipulidae and Trichoceridae) including descriptions of two new species of Limoniidae
During May 2012 Diptera were sampled in the Serro do Courel area of Lugo Province, Galicia, northwest Spain. The authors of this paper, members of the Malloch Society (see website) are active in attempting to understand the detailed ecology of flies. Much of this work is through targeting larval stages... -
2015
Journal article
Neotropical Copestylum Macquart (Diptera: Syrphidae) breeding in fruits and flowers, including 7 new species
Ten species of Copestylum (Diptera: Syrphidae) were reared from fruits and flowers in Costa Rica, Ecuador and Trinidad. Seven were new and in this paper, we describe them, their development sites and the third stage larva and/or the puparium of all ten species. One new synonym is proposed, Copestylum pinkusi...Ricarte-Sabater, Antonio ; Marcos-Garcia, M-Angeles ; Hancock, E Geoffrey ; Rotheray, Graham E
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2015
Journal article
Trophic structure and function in the larva of predatory muscid flies (Diptera, Muscidae)
Assessed multiple times over a 100-year period, yet poorly understood, we provide a new view of trophic structure and function in predatory muscid larvae based on Phaonia goberti (Mik) and Phaonia subventa (Harris) (Diptera, Muscidae). Trophic structure and function were investigated by morphological analysis, direct observation and filming. Larvae search...Rotheray, Graham E ; Wilkinson, Geoffrey
Mandible – Head skeleton – Accessory sclerites – Prey capture – Prey handling – Paralysants
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2015
Journal article
Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Direct observation, filmed behaviour and morphological analysis were used to investigate mechanisms of larval feeding and movement in 20 species of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera). Feeding mechanisms refer to techniques of gathering food close to the pharynx entrance prior to sucking it in. A total of 12 mechanisms were recorded. Contrasting mechanisms...Rotheray, Graham E ; Lyszkowski, Richard M
larval head, locomotion, head skeleton, feeding mode, and performance
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2014
Journal article
Development sites, feeding modes and early stages of seven European Palloptera species (Diptera, Pallopteridae)
Two hundred and ninety-eight rearing records and 87 larvae and puparia were obtained of seven species of Palloptera Fallén (Diptera, Pallopteridae), mainly in Scotland during 2012–2013. The third stage larva and puparium of each species were assessed morphologically and development sites and feeding modes investigated by rearing, observation and feeding...Rotheray, Graham E
necrophagy, cannibalism, morphology, abundance, flutter fly, predation, larva, puparium, and saprophagy
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2014
Journal article
The syrphids of Serra do Courel, Northern Spain and description of a new Cheilosia Meigen species (Diptera: Syrphidae)
The syrphids (Syrphidae) of Serra do Courel, a mountainous locality of just over 20,000ha at the west end of the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain are poorly known. The Scottish based, Malloch Society visited the locality in May 2012 and collected a total of 462 specimens of 98 syrphid species and... -
2013
Journal article
Development sites and early stages of eleven species of Clusiidae (Diptera) occurring in Europe
Two hundred and ninety-six rearing records of 11 clusiid species (Diptera, Clusiidae) were obtained from 8 tree species in England, Finland, France, Norway, Russia and Scotland, mainly during the period 1994 to 2004. Larvae and puparia were found between annual layers of whitewood (sapwood and heartwood) of wet, decay-softened, dead...Rotheray, Graham E ; Horsfield, David
locomotion, puparium, host tree, morphology, Druid fly, pseudocephalon, larva, trophic structures, respiration, rearing, and head skeleton
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2013
Journal article
Hidden in taxonomy: Batesian mimicry by a syrphid fly towards a Patagonian bumblebee
1.Batesian mimicry has been repeatedly reported in syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae), with noxious Hymenoptera identified as the models, including bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Despite the number of detailed studies of bumblebee mimics from the Holarctic, only minimal biological and ecological information is available for the same phenomenon in most other biogeographical...Polidori, C ; Nieves-Aldrey, J L ; Gilbert, Francis ; Rotheray, Graham E
Chile, morphology, Bombus, mimicry, foraging behaviour, and Aneriophora
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Book
Ecomorphology of Cyclorrhaphan Larvae (Diptera)
This book offers an overview of the larva of Diptera Cyclorrhapha. It first discusses the principal forms, functions and roles of larvae, and then evaluates feeding, locomotion and respiration in larval saprophages, phytophages and zoophages as keys to understanding and predicting larval morphology. It also highlights how the environment affects... -
Journal article
Mechanisms and patterns of feeding in some leaf-mining larvae (Diptera, Agromyzidae, Drosophilidae and Anthomyiidae)
Morphological analyses, observations and videos were used to resolve leaf-mining feeding mechanisms and patterns of three Amauromyza Hendel (Agromyzidae), one Scaptomyza Hardy (Drosophilidae) and three Pegomya Robineau-Desvoidy (Anthomyiidae) species. The results help explain linear and blotch mining and suggest a data standard for comparing leaf-mining Diptera larvae.Rotheray, Graham E
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2014
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2014
Journal article
Host preferences of aphidophagous hoverflies from field distribution of their larvae
The patterns of occurrences among aphid colonies of the larvae of two species of highly polyphagous predatory hoverflies, Episyrphus balteatus (de Geer) and Syrphus ribesii (L.) (Diptera: Syrphidae), were assessed in three areas (Nottingham, Cardiff (UK) and the Czech Republic); in the last two sites, larvae of other syrphid species...Sadeghi, Hussein ; Rotheray, Graham E ; Laska, Pavel ; Gilbert, Francis
Syrphidae., aphids, niche breadth, food specificity, and predatory insects
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2017
Journal article
Melanostoma scalare (Meigen) larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) feed on Diptera larvae in leaf litter
In winter 2016, Melanostoma scalare (Meigen) larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) were found in woodland leaf litter and, in culture, were observed catching and feeding on coo-occurring larvae of Lonchopteridae, Lauxaniidae and Limoniidae (Diptera). Tactile contact with prey elicited capture behaviour. This involved turning prey upside down and piercing the underside with...Wilkinson, Geoffrey ; Rotheray, Graham E
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2012
Journal article
A new species of fig-feeding Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Schizophora) from India and a checklist for the family in the Indian sub-continent
A new species of Lonchaeidae, Silba lashker sp. nov. is described from specimens reared from figs in Jammu and Kash-mir, India. The adult and larvae are described and comparisons are made with other species in the genus. A checklist forthe Indian sub-continent is provided which lists twenty four species in...MacGowan, Iain ; Razak, Nakeer ; Rotheray, Graham E ; Ahmad, Irfan
India, new species, Diptera, checklist, Lonchaeidae, figs, and <i>Silba</i>
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2012
Journal article
Syrphidae (Diptera) from the Greek island of Lesvos, with description of two new species
The results of the hoverfly (Syrphidae) collection by the ‘Malloch Society’ on the Greek island of Lesvos are presented. Fieldwork took place from February to March 2006 and from May to June 2010. An account of 66 species from 28 genera is provided including two species new to science, five... -
2016
Journal article
The early stages and development sites of four species of Heleomyzidae (Diptera)
The final state larva and puparium is described of Oecothea praecox Loew (Diptera, Heleomyzidae), reared from a puffin burrow. Puparia are also described of three other Heleomyzidae, Tephrochlaena oraria Collin reared from decaying seaweed and Suillia atricornis (Meigen) and Suillia bicolor (Zetterstedt) reared from fruiting bodies of the fly agaric...Rotheray, Graham E ; Horsfield, David ; Ayre, K ; Hancock, E Geoffrey
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1990
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1989
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2012
Journal article
The puparium of Meoneura lamellata Collin (Diptera, Carnidae) and records of three other carnids from bird and mammal nests
Rearing data for four species of Carnidae (Diptera) are presented from material obtained in the 1930s by E.B. Basden. 387 specimens of the Meoneura lamellata Collin, 1930 were reared, almost exclusively from nests of the sand martin, Riparia riparia. 533 specimens of the Meoneura neottiophila Collin, 1930 came from nests...Rotheray, Graham E
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2011
Book
The natural history of Hoverflies
Hoverflies are valuable insects and particularly over the last two decades, they have started to impact on a wider range of people than just specialists. Hoverflies are known and recognised not just for their striking colours, remarkable hovering behaviour and flower visiting habits but also because of their roles in...Rotheray, Graham E ; Gilbert, Francis