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Journal article
Butterfly–parasitoid–hostplant interactions in Western Palaearctic Hesperiidae: a DNA barcoding reference library
The study of ecological interactions between plants, phytophagous insects and their natural enemies is an essential but challenging component for understanding ecosystem dynamics. Molecular methods such as DNA barcoding can help elucidate these interactions. In this study, we employed DNA barcoding to establish hostplant and parasitoid interactions with hesperiid butterflies,... -
Journal article
The remarkable biology of a new species of Gelis Thunberg, 1827 (Ichneumonidae, Phygadeuontinae), a solitary endoparasitoid of fresh eggs of Timarcha (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
A new species, Gelis timarchae Schwarz, Shaw & Kan, is figured and described from specimens reared as a solitary endoparasitoid of fresh eggs of Timarcha nicaeensis in the south of France. Oviposition behaviour of the adult parasitoid, directly into the host cytoplasm, is described and links to videos are given....Shaw, Mark R ; Kan, Pieter ; Kan-van Limburg Stirum, Brigitte ; Schwarz, Martin
Gelis timarchae, oviposition, first instar larva, France, Cocoon, plastic phenology, diapause, and egg
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Journal article
Notes on the biology, morphology and generic placement of “Hellwigia” obscura Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae)
The ophionine ichneumonid known as Hellwigia obscura has been reared for the first time, from larvae of Horisme sp. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) feeding on Clematis vitalba in The Netherlands. The cocoon and the parasitoid’s means of emergence are figured, as are some features of the adult. On a balance of morphological...Shaw, Mark R ; Voogd, Jeroen
systematics, cocoon, Horisme, emergence, Protohellwigia, Hellwigia elegans, and Heinrichiella
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Journal article
Braconid and ichneumonid (Hymenoptera) parasitoid wasps of Lepidoptera from the Maltese Islands
Fourteen species of Ichneumonidae are here recorded from the Maltese Islands. Of these, all were reared from Lepidoptera hosts with the exception of Netelia (Paropheltes) inedita (Kokujev) which was collected from a malaise trap. Of these, the following species (or genera) are here reported for the first time from the...Mifsud, David ; Farrugia, Lucia ; Shaw, Mark R
Braconidae, host records, Ichneumonidae, Malta, Mediterranean, and Hymenoptera
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Journal article
Wolbachia and DNA barcoding insects: patterns, potential and problems
Wolbachia is a genus of bacterial endosymbionts that impacts the breeding systems of their hosts. Wolbachia can confuse the patterns of mitochondrial variation, including DNA barcodes, because it influences the pathways through which mitochondria are inherited. We examined the extent to which these endosymbionts are detected in routine DNA barcoding,...Smith, M A ; Bertrand, C ; Crosby, K ; Eveleigh, E S ; Fernandez-Triana, J …
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Journal article
The identity of Scambus planatus (Hartig, 1838) and Scambus ventricosus (Tschek, 1871) as seasonal forms of Scambus calobatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) in Europe (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae, Ephialtini)
Through both natural and experimental rearings, supported by DNA sequence data (CO1, ITS2 and EF1α) as well as examination of material in collections, it is shown that the European nominal taxa Scambus planatus and Scambus ventricosus comprise the spring-emerging generation of Scambus calobatus, the typical form of which occurs as...Shaw, Mark R ; Jennings, M T ; Quicke, D L J
Microtypus, acorns, Cydia, Janus, Parasitoid, Curculio, Acrobasis, Quercus, and synonymy
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Journal article
The changing use of the ovipositor in host shifts by ichneumonid ectoparasitoids of spiders (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae)
Accurate egg placement into or onto a living host is an essential ability for many parasitoids, and changes in associated phenotypes, such as ovipositor morphology and behaviour, correlate with significant host shifts. Here, we report that in the ichneumonid group of koinobiont spider-ectoparasitoids (“polysphinctines”), several putatively ancestral taxa (clade I...Takasuka, Keizo ; Fritzén, Niclas R ; Tanaka, Yoshihiro ; Matsumoto, Rikio ; Maeto, Kaoru …
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Journal article
Further notes on the biology of Pseudavga flavicoxa Tobias, 1964 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rhysipolinae)
Pseudavga flavicoxa, a solitary koinobiont ectoparasitoid of Bucculatrix thoracella, attacks host larvae early rather than late in their final instar, subsequent development of the parasitoid then occurring within the host cocoon. This paper supplements an earlier contribution outlining other aspects of its biology and taxonomy. The host is stung repeatedly,...Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Evolution of the parasitic wasp subfamily Rogadinae(Branconidae): phylogeny and evolution of lepidopteran host ranges and mummy characteristics.
Background: The braconid subfamily Rogadinae is a large, cosmopolitan group of endoparasitoid wasps characterised by 'mummifying' their lepidopteran host larvae, from which the adult subsequently emerges. Rogadines attack a variety of both macro- and microlepidopteran taxa, although the speciose genus Aleiodes almost exclusively attacks macrolepidopterans. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic...Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species
Seven new species of the genus Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838 (Braconidae: Rogadinae) are described and illustrated: A. abraxanae sp. n., A. angustipterus sp. n., A. artesiariae sp. n., A. carminatus sp. n., A. diarsianae sp. n., A. leptofemur sp. n., and A. ryrholmi sp. n. A neotype is designated for each...Van Achterberg, Cornelis ; Shaw, Mark R
biology, host range, distribution, phenology, Aleiodes, and Europe
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Journal article
Illustrated notes on the biology of Sphinctus serotinus Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera, Tryphoninae, Sphinctini)
Field and experimental observations on the European ichneumonid Sphinctus serotinus as a koinobiont ectoparasitoid of the limacodid moth Apoda limacodes are recorded. The egg is anchored into the extremely thick cuticle of its host but not deeply enough so that it would survive host ecdysis. That may explain the late...Shaw, Mark R ; Voogd, Jeroen
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Journal article
A review of unusual species of Cotesia (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with the first tergite narrowing at midlength
The unusual species of Cotesia (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with the first tergite narrowing at midlength are reviewed. One new species, Cotesia trabalae sp. n. is described from India and compared with Cotesia pistrinariae (Wilkinson) from Africa, the only other species sharing the same character of all the described species worldwide....Gupta, Ankita ; Shaw, Mark R ; Cardinal, Sophie ; Fernandez-Triana, Jose L
Mylothris chloris, India, Cotesia trabalae, new species, Cotesia pistrinariae, Africa, and Trabala vishnou
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Journal article
Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae
The checklist of British and Irish Braconidae is revised, based in large part on the collections of the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, and the Natural History Museum, London. Distribution records are provided at the country level together with extensive synonymy and bibliography.Broad, Gavin R ; Shaw, Mark R ; Godfray, H C
Ichneumonoidea, Britain, fauna, and Ireland
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Journal article
The British species of Enicospilus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae)
The nine British and Irish species of Enicospilus are revised, mapped and an identification key provided. One species, Enicospilus myricae sp. nov., is described as new; Enicospilus merdarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) is a senior synonym of E. tournieri (Vollenhoven, 1879) syn. nov.; the only available name for E. merdarius auctt. is...Broad, Gavin R ; Shaw, Mark R
nocturnal, parasitoid, new species, host, and Taxonomy
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Journal article
Emergence behaviour of adult Trogus lapidator (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae, Heresiarchini) from pupa of its host Papilio machaon L. (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae), with a comparative overview of emergence of Ichneumonidae from Lepidoptera pupae in Europe
Unusually for Ichneumonidae, Trogus lapidator emerges through a hole in the pupal wing case of its papilionid butterfly host that is made largely by a liquid secretion that softens and disintegrates the host tissue. The mandibles are deployed to help spread the secretion, but only towards the very end of...Shaw, Mark R ; Kan, Pieter ; Kan-van Limburg Stirum, Brigitte
Pupal cuticle, staining, cuticular disintegration, cap-cutting, eclosion, and mandibular structure
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Journal article
The hosts of Ophion luteus (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumondiae, Ophioninae) in Europe
A widespread European nocturnal ichneumonid, Ophion luteus, is shown to be a parasitoid of at least two species of noctuid moth, Agrotis exclamationis and A. segetum, probably most frequently a parasitoid of the former. The taxonomy, nomenclature and diagnostic features of this species are discussed. Possible explanations for a spring-flying...Broad, Gavin R ; Schnee, Heinz ; Shaw, Mark R
Host-parasitoid, Lepidoptera, Noctuinae, rearing, and Noctuidae
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Journal article
Parasitoid and ant interactions of some Iberian butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
As a result of recent field studies in the Iberian Peninsula, interactions between 17 parasitoid taxa and 17 butterfly species, and 9 species of Lycaenidae and 15 species of Formicidae are detailed and discussed. Several of these, which are presented quantitatively, are otherwise unrecorded in the literature, while others confirm...Obregón, R ; Shaw, Mark R ; Fernández-Haeger, J ; Jordano, D
Lepidoptera, Diptera, parasitism, Formicidae, myrmecophily, Insecta, Hymenoptera, and Spain.