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Journal article
The first known parasitoid of Aricia morronensis (Ribbe, 1910), an endemic Iberian species, and notes on the parasitoids (Hymenoptera and Diptera) of the genus Aricia Rechenbach, 1817 in Europe
A parasitoid (Cotesia tenebrosa WESMAEL, 1837, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) of Aricia morronensis (RIBBE, 1910), a species endemic to the Iberian peninsula, is recorded for the first time. Incidental details, and photos of the parasitoid-host interaction are also given. Information on the parasitoids recorded from the European species of the genus...Shaw, Mark R ; Gil-T, Felipe
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Journal article
Polemochartus melas (Giraud) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Alysiinae) new to Britain
The small Palaearctic genus Polemochartus is well-known to be exclusively parasitic upon chloropid flies of the genus Lipara, which cause galls on Phragmites, ovipositing into the host's egg and killing it at the puparium stage. Hitherto, the only one of the four European species that has been found in Britain,...Shaw, Mark R ; Jennings, M T
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Journal article
A new subgenus of the genus Colastes Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for species reared from bracket fungi, with description of two new species from Europe
A new Holarctic subgenus (Fungivenator subgen. nov.) of the genus Colastes Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Exothecinae) is proposed for a group of species that, as far as is known, has its larvae living on hosts in bracket fungi. The type species (Colastes sandei sp. nov. from Netherlands, Germany and England)...Achterberg, C van ; Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Notes on the host-feeding and hyperparasitic behaviours of Itoplectis species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae)
Dissections of campoplegine ichneumonid prepupae in cocoons parasitised by Itoplectis maculator and I. aterrima revealed that both are truly endoparasitic in this context, and that campoplegine prepupae remain capable of movement for a time following parasitisation by these Itoplectis species. Oviposition and host-feeding behaviours by the two Itoplectis species are...Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Pseudorhacnotus enervatus, a new genus and species from Spain (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae)
Pseudorhaconotus enervatus gen. nov. & spec. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) from Spain is described and illustrated. The new genus is similar to the genus Rhaconotus Ruthe, 1854, but differs by the lack of vein r-m of the fore wing and by the absence of dorsope on the first metasomal tergiteAchterberg, C van ; Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
The third modern British record of Brachymeria tibialis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) reared from Zygaena filipendulae (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)
We wish to place on record the rearing of a single female specimen of Brachymeria tibialis (Walker) on 13 July 2009 from a cocoon of Zygaena filipendulae (L.) collected on 5 June 2009 by one of us (RC) at Denbies Landbarn, Surrey, TQ 135499, a National Trust chalk downland site....Shaw, Mark R ; Comont, R ; McCracken, M ; Hesketh, H ; Roy, H …
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Journal article
The taxonomy and biology of Diadegma chrysostictos (Gmelin) and Diadegma fabricianae sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
A combination of morphological and biological evidence is used to separate two species of Ichneumonidae parasitizing Lepidoptera: Diadegma chrysostictos (Gmelin), a parasitoid of phycitine and galleriine Pyralidae, and Diadegma fabricianae sp.n. which parasitizes the choreutid Anthophila fabriciana (Linnaeus). An inbred laboratory culture of D.chrysostictos was found to be atypical with...Horstmann, K ; Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Insects and spiders on snowfields in the Cairngorms, Scotland
An account is given of seven collections of insects and spiders made in summer 1979 on snowfields above 1100m elevation in the Cairngorm mountains, Scotland. In one comprehensive collection 278 recently deposited animals representing 35 species were obtained in 25 m2; the other collections were selective. A high proportion of...Ashmole, N P ; Nelson, J M ; Shaw, Mark R ; Garside, A
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Journal article
Synthesis and reactions of 4-aryloxyflavans
4α-Aryloxyflavans unsubstituted in ring A have been synthesised by the reaction of phenols with flavan-4β-ols in the presence of boron trifluoride in ether. If reaction times are prolonged beyond disappearance of the starting 4β-ols, thermodynamic control leads to 4-arylflavans and the yields of 4-aryloxyflavans are negligible. 4-Arylflavans are the sole...Bateman, G ; Brown, B R ; Campbell, J B ; Cotton, C A ; Johnson, P …
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Journal article
A second winter for Andricus
Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Semi-arboreal habits of Spilosoma and Arctia species
Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Insects associated with birch
The entomology of birch in Britain (and to a lesser extent in Fennoscandia) is reviewed in broad ecological terms. In particular, the size of the associated fauna, the kinds of geographical distribution patterns seen for birch insects in Britain, birch defoliators, and the conservation needs of insects associated with birch...Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Parasitism and migration in southern Palaearctic populations of the painted lady butterfly, Vanessa cardui (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
The painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) is well known for its seasonal long-distance migrations and for its dramatic population fluctuations between years. Although parasitism has occasionally been noted as an important mortality factor for this butterfly, no comprehensive study has quantified and compared its parasitoid complexes in... -
Journal article
Escape from natural enemies during climate-driven range expansion: a case study
A major, and largely unexplored, uncertainty in projecting the impact of climate change on biodiversity is the consequence of altered interspecific interactions, for example between parasitoids and their hosts. The present study investigated parasitism in the Brown Argus butterfly, Aricia agestis; a species that has expanded northward in Britain during...Menéndez, Rosa ; González-Megías, Adela ; Lewis, Owen T ; Shaw, Mark R ; Thomas, Chris D.
climate change, parasitoids, Aricia Agestis , butterfly, enemy escape, and range expansion
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Journal article
The parasitoid complex attacking coexisting Spanish populations of Euphydryas aurinia and Euphydryas desfontainii (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Melitaeini)
We report on a five-year investigation of the complex of parasitoids associated with coexisting populations of Euphydryas aurinia and Euphydryas desfontainii at a Spanish site. A sample of over 7000 eggs, 1000 larvae and 200 pupae (the last of these in part having been experimentally placed) revealed the existence of...Stefanescu, Constanti ; Planas, Josep ; Shaw, Mark R
secondary parasitism, Euphydryas desfontainii, butterflies, parasitoid complex, and Euphydryas aurinia
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Journal article
The Swedish species of Cidaphus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Mesochorinae), a new genus and three new species for Sweden
The ichneumonid genus Cidaphus Förster, 1869, and its three known European species Cidapus areolatus (Boie, 1850), C. alarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) and C. atricillus (Haliday, 1839) are reported as new to Sweden based primarily on specimens collected in light traps during projects monitoring nocturnal moths. The available material indicates that C....Ryrholm, Nils ; Johansson, Niklas ; Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
A novel host of Itoplectis viduata (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae), with some wider rearing records
The apparently regular use of cocoons of a species of Pompilidae, Homonotus sanguinolentus, by the ichneumonid parasitoid Itoplectis viduata at a site in Russia is reported, and seen in the context of the host range of I. viduata as revealed by reared material in the National Museums of Scotland (NMS).Shaw, Mark R ; Borisova, Natalia
pseudohyperparasitism, niche generalist, host range, Cheiracanthium erraticum, Homonotus sanguinolentus, western Europe, and Russia
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Journal article
A new species and first rearing record of the genus Thibetoides Davis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Tryphoninae) from France
The genus Thibetoides, known from the western USA and various parts of the former USSR, Turkey and Eastern Europe, is reported from Western Europe for the first time. A single female of Thibetoides aprosthemae Shaw sp. nov. was reared from a cocoon of the argid sawfly Aprosthema tardum collected in... -
Journal article
Anatomy, reach and classification of the parasitoid complex of a common British moth, Anthophila fabriciana (L.) (Choreutidae)
The small plurivoltine moth Anthophila fabriciana is widespread and often abundant in Britain wherever its main larval foodplant, stinging nettle, occurs. It overwinters as a larva (first generation) then has one or more partly overlapping summer broods (notionally second generation). A total of 5017 larvae were collected and reared from...Shaw, Mark R
Ichneumonoidea, generation differences, Specialisation categories, Eulophidae, and Urtica dioica
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Journal article
Two hundred and twenty-five species of reared western Palaearctic Campopleginae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)in the National Museums of Scotland, with descriptions of new species of Campoplex and Diadegama, and records of fifty-five species new to Britain
Host and in some cases detailed rearing data are presented for 225 species of western Palaearctic Campopleginae from reared material in the National Museums of Scotland, with comments on phenology of all species and particular attention to their means of overwintering. For many species there were previously no host records.... -
Journal article
Lestricus secalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cenocoeliina), a genus and species new to Britain
Lestricus secalis (L.) was inadvertently listed as British on the basis of an old speculation but, as there was neither firm evidence nor the existence of any specimen, it was deleted from the British list by Shaw & Huddleston (1991). However, it was suggested by Shaw (1999) that the species...Shaw, Mark R ; Mendel, Howard
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Journal article
Determinants of parasitoid communities of willow-galling sawflies: habitat overrides physiology, host plant and space
Studies on the determinants of plant–herbivore and herbivore–parasitoid associations provide important insights into the origin and maintenance of global and local species richness. If parasitoids are specialists on herbivore niches rather than on herbivore taxa, then alternating escape of herbivores into novel niches and delayed resource tracking by parasitoids could...Nyman, Tommi ; Leppänen, Sanna ; Várkonyi, Gergely ; Shaw, Mark R ; Koivisto, Reijo …
enemy-free space, tritrophic food webs, vertical diversification effects, speciation, and community barcoding
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Journal article
Lestricus secalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae): a species new to Spain parasitizing the Iberian endemic Pogonocherus sturanii (Sama & Schurmann, 1982) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
The cenocoeliine braconid Lestricus secalis (Linnaeus) is recorded for the first time in Spain, being the southernmost known locality in the species’ distribution. Two specimens emerged from branches of Pinus nigra ssp. salzmannii in which the Iberian endemic cerambycid Pogonocherus sturanii was developing, in Sierra Mágina (southern Spain). Illustrated notes...Obregón, R ; Shaw, Mark R
Andalusia, Spain, Braconidae, Pogonocherus sturanii, Lestricus secalis, Hymenoptera, Cerambycidae, and Coleoptera
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Journal article
A rearing record of Homolobus (Phylacter) meridionalis van Achterberg (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Homolobinae) in the south of France
Homolobus (Phylacter) meridionalis is recorded parasitizing the noctuid Dryobota labecula (Esper, 1788) feeding in spring on Quercus in southern France. The adult parasitoid emerged in the autumn; evidence is presented to suggest that it is a bivoltine species, likely to parasitize low-feeding noctuids in its overwintering generation. Notes to separate...Shaw, Mark R
Dryobota labecula, Braconidae, morphology, Homolobus (Phylacter) meridionalis., phenology, Noctuidae, Homolobinae, Quercus, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera
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Journal article
How much we forget…
Shaw, Mark R
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Journal article
Cotesia acerbiae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a gregarious parasitoid of Acerbia alpina (Quensel, 1802) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae in Polar Ural, Russia
Cotesia acerbiae Shaw & Vikberg sp. nov. is described from a single large brood reared from a cocoon of the circumpolar moth Acerbia alpina (Quensel, 1802) collected in Polar Ural (Tjumen oblast). The means to distinguish it from other western Palaearctic Cotesia species are given.Shaw, Mark R ; Vikberg, Veli ; Malinen, Pekka
Phaeogenini, British Isles., Ichneumoninae, hosts, Lepidoptera, parasitoids, Oedicephalini, distribution, phenology, taxonomy, and Ichneumonidae