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Journal article
The role of cross-sectional geometry, curvature and limb posture in maintaining equal safety factors: A computed tomography study
The limb bones of an elephant are considered to experience similar peak locomotory stresses as a shrew. "Safety factors" are maintained across the entire range of body masses through a combination of robusticity of long bones, postural variation, and modification of gait. The relative contributions of these variables remain uncertain....Brassey, Charlotte A ; Kitchener, Andrew C ; Withers, P J ; Manning, Phillip L ; Sellers, William I
posture, force, safety factors, cross-sectional geometry, and effective mechanical advantage (EMA)
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Journal article
New taxa of Tanyderidae (Diptera) from Eocene Baltic amber
Macrochile hornei sp. nov. from Baltic amber (Upper Eocene) is described and illustrated. Podemacrochile gen. nov. is described with Podemacrochile baltica (Podenas, 1997) as type species. A key to the genera and species of Tanyderidae known from Baltic amber is presented.Krzeminski, Wieslaw ; Krzeminski, Ewa ; Kania, Iwona ; Ross, Andrew
fossil Diptera, Macrochile hornei sp. nov., and Podemacrochile gen. nov.
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Book
Amazing amber
Used for centuries as a decorative artefact, amber was treasured, too, for its perceived magical powers, crafted into charms and amulets to heal and ward off evil spirits. Amber also has the unique capacity to preserve fragile life that is millions of years old, opening a special window into the...Ross, Andrew ; Sheridan, J A
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Journal article
DNA barcoding and the taxonomy of Microgastrinae wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae): impacts after 8 years and nearly 20,000 sequences
Microgastrine wasps are among the most species-rich and numerous parasitoids of caterpillars (Lepidoptera). They are often host-specific and thus are extensively used in biological control efforts and figure prominently in trophic webs. However, their extraordinary diversity coupled with the occurrence of many cryptic species produces a significant taxonomic impediment. We...Smith, M A ; Fernandez-Triana, J ; Eveleigh, E S ; Gomez, J ; Guclu, C …
deoxyribonucleic acid barcode , parasitoid, data release, microgastrine , and cytochrome c oxidase
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Journal article
The saproxylic hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Serbia
The revision of the saproxylic hoverflies collected in Serbia from 1950 to 2010 has revealed a total of 56 species, of which Sphiximorpha subsessilis (Illiger in Rossi) is new to the Balkan Peninsula and Arctophila superbiens (Muller), Blera fallax (Linnaeus), Brachyopa panzeri Goffe, Brachyopa testacea (Fallén), Brachyopa vittata Zetterstedt and...Radenković, S ; Nedeljković, Zorica ; Ricarte-Sabater, Antonio ; Vujic, A ; Šimić, S
conservation, Balkan Peninsula, Fruška Gora, saproxylic syrphids, and forests
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Journal article
Development sites and early stages of eleven species of Clusiidae (Diptera) occurring in Europe
Two hundred and ninety-six rearing records of 11 clusiid species (Diptera, Clusiidae) were obtained from 8 tree species in England, Finland, France, Norway, Russia and Scotland, mainly during the period 1994 to 2004. Larvae and puparia were found between annual layers of whitewood (sapwood and heartwood) of wet, decay-softened, dead...Rotheray, Graham E ; Horsfield, David
locomotion, puparium, host tree, morphology, Druid fly, pseudocephalon, larva, trophic structures, respiration, rearing, and head skeleton
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Journal article
Hidden in taxonomy: Batesian mimicry by a syrphid fly towards a Patagonian bumblebee
1.Batesian mimicry has been repeatedly reported in syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae), with noxious Hymenoptera identified as the models, including bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Despite the number of detailed studies of bumblebee mimics from the Holarctic, only minimal biological and ecological information is available for the same phenomenon in most other biogeographical...Polidori, C ; Nieves-Aldrey, J L ; Gilbert, Francis ; Rotheray, Graham E
Chile, morphology, Bombus, mimicry, foraging behaviour, and Aneriophora
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Journal article
Moth populations and bad weather – four speculative observations
There is no doubt in my mind that fifty years ago substantial defoliation of more than just spindle and bird cherry trees was not really unusual; that the regular cleaning of car headlamps and even radiator grills was necessary in summer; that garden buddleia and valerian were always plastered with...Shaw, Mark R
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Book chapter
Growth, age and size of the Jurassic pachycormid Leedsichthys problematicus (Osteichthyes: Actinopterygii)
The Jurassic pachycormid osteichthyan Leedsichthys problematicus is renowned for having been able to achieve prodigious size for a bony fish. Building on work of MARTILL (1986a), a thorough examination of all known material was conducted in order to constrain estimates of the size of this animal and examine its rate...Liston, Jeff ; Newbrey, Michael G. ; Challands, Thomas James ; Adams, Colin E
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Book chapter
The plasticity of gill raker characteristics in suspension feeders: Implications for Pachycormiformes
Pachycormids apparently represent part of the first radiation of the total group of teleosts, and therefore are important in understanding stem teleost phylogeny. Gill rakers (or fanunculi) are elements of the gill skeleton (branchial basket) in fishes that function primarily to protect respiratory lamellae, and sometimes have a secondary role...Liston, Jeff