Recherche
Résultats de recherche
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Journal article
Genetic structure in Orkney island mice: isolation promotes morphological diversification
Following human occupation, the house mouse has colonised numerous islands, exposing the species to a wide variety of environments. Such a colonisation process, involving successive founder events and bottlenecks, may either promote random evolution or facilitate adaptation, making the relative importance of adaptive and stochastic processes in insular evolution difficult...Chevret, Pascale ; Hautier, Lionel ; Ganem, Guila ; Herman, Jeremy S ; Agret, Sylvie …
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Journal article
An Egyptian urn from Roman Scotland
A broken stone urn tells the story of an intrepid journey udertaken around 2,000 years ago. Fraser Hunter describes how its tale came to light once moreHunter, Fraser
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Journal article
Conserving 18th-century shoes National Museums Scotland
A pair of women's shoes dated c.1730-1760, was recently conserved for display in the Fashion and Style gallery at National musuems ScotlandConnolly, Danielle
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Journal article
The Graham Gadd collection of furniture ephemera
National Museums Scotland recently received a donation of furniture related items from RFS member Graham Gadd.Jackson, Stephen
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Journal article
Norman Dott (1897–1973) and medical illustration: the importance of art to neurosurgery
Anatomical information and pathologies have been conveyed through the medium of medical illustrations for centuries. In the formative years of British neurosurgery, Professor Norman Dott (1897–1973) utilised medical illustrations as a means of documenting neurosurgical advances and conveying pathological-anatomical correlation. He commissioned a vast number of medical illustrations over the... -
Journal article
Collecting COVID-19 at National Museums Scotland
This opinion piece discusses National Museums Scotland’s first responses to collecting COVID-19. Drawing on perspectives from social history, biomedical science and military history, this short paper contextualizes COVID-related collecting within the contexts of the organization’s programme of contemporary collecting and the nation’s ongoing socio-political journey.Laurenson, Sarah ; Robertson, Calum ; Goggins, Sophie
Scotland, Contemporary collecting, social history, military history, and medical history
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Journal article
Dryleys Pottery, Montrose
While cataloguing pottery from a private collection for an exhibition in the City of Edinburgh Museum, I realised just how little was known about a yellow galzed moulded jug marked "D Crowe/Montrose". I therefore decided to research the pottery and its wares.Haggarty, George R
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Journal article
Carlisle Museum's Natural History Record Bureau, 1902–1912: Britain's first local environmental records centre
Carlisle Museum's Natural History Record Bureau, Britain's first local environmental records centre, collected and collated records, mainly of birds but including also mammals and fishes, from amateur naturalists. It initially covered an area of 80 kilometres around Carlisle, and later from Cumberland, Westmorland and the detached portion of Lancashire north... -
Journal article
Iron, glass and stone finds In: Hatherley, Candy, Jeremy Evans, Martin Goldberg, Kay Hartley, Mhairi Hastie, Nicholas McQ Holmes, Fraser Hunter, Julie Lochrie, Gwladys Monteil, Effie Photos-Jones, Scott Timpany, David Williams, and Steven Willis. 2020. “Doune Roman Fort, Stirlingshire: Excavations in 1999, 2008 and 2010”
Three archaeological excavations were undertaken by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd within the grounds of Doune Primary School in Stirlingshire, each located on the site of Doune Roman fort. These excavations revealed sections through triple-ditched defences, elements of the turf rampart and the perimeter road (via sagularis) on both the west...Goldberg, D Martin ; Hunter, Fraser ; Lochrie, Julie
Flavian, Barracks, Scotland, Ovens, Denarii, Metal-working furnace, Fort, Doune, Stirlingshire, and Roman
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Journal article
'The metalwork' In: Hatherley, Candy, Jeremy Evans, Martin Goldberg, Kay Hartley, Mhairi Hastie, Nicholas McQ Holmes, Fraser Hunter, Julie Lochrie, Gwladys Monteil, Effie Photos-Jones, Scott Timpany, David Williams, and Steven Willis. 2020. “Doune Roman Fort, Stirlingshire: Excavations in 1999, 2008 and 2010”
Three archaeological excavations were undertaken by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd within the grounds of Doune Primary School in Stirlingshire, each located on the site of Doune Roman fort. These excavations revealed sections through triple-ditched defences, elements of the turf rampart and the perimeter road (via sagularis) on both the west...Holmes, Nicholas M McQ. ; Hunter, Fraser ; Lochrie, Julie
Flavian, Barracks, Scotland, Ovens, Denarii, Metal-working furnace, Fort, Doune, Stirlingshire, and Roman
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Journal article
A Scottish stoneware jug
In 2001 National Museums Scotland (NMS) acquired an elaborately decorated but unmarked stoneware jug, which was tentatively linked to Newbigging Pottery in Musselburgh. Over the last year exhibition research has shed light on documentary evidemce, linking the jug to the pottery at Newbigging.Hynes, Adrienne
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Journal article
Incest uncovered at the elite prehistoric Newgrange monument in Ireland
The huge, elaborate, 5,000-year-old tomb at Newgrange, Ireland, is thought to have been built for a powerful elite. DNA of a man buried there reveals a case of incest. Was this a strategy to maintain a dynastic bloodline?Sheridan, Alison J
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Journal article
Tongland works in Galloway and the women engineers
In 1916, a factory was established by William Beardmore and Thomas Pullinger at Tongland in south-west Scotland that was for much of the time that it was in operation staffed by women. Initially manufacturing aero engines, the women were being trained for a career in engineering, not simply as war...Innes, Louise
Women engineers, Pullinger, aero engines, Tongland, Galloway cars, and factory
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Journal article
The Tod Head lighthouse lantern. The conservation-restoration of a technical object that has been continuously modified over the years
This paper presents the conservation and reassembly of the Tod Head lighthouse lantern in the storage area of the National Museums Scotland. The Tod Head lighthouse was located on the Scottish east coast, north of Edinburgh. The lantern was dismantled in 2011 and sent to the National Museums Collection Centre....Grima, Marie
lighthouse, Fresnel, lantern, and Stevenson
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Journal article
Deposition of modified human remains as evidence for complex mortuary treatment in East Africa during the first millennium AD
In 2019 partial, disarticulated human remains with evidence of perimortem fractures and tool marks were excavated from the site of Kabusanza in southern Rwanda (first millennium AD). The nature and location of these modifications demonstrate that some elements were subject to intentional dismemberment and defleshing, whereas the arrangement of the...Watts, Rebecca ; Mugabowagahunde , Maurice ; Ntagwabira, André ; Giblin, John
defleshing , Urewe, anthropogenic modification, dismemberment , and Rwanda
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Journal article
Collecting and displaying the decommissioning of North Sea Oil and Gas at the National Museums Scotland
National Museums Scotland (NMS) has a long history of collecting industrial objects. Our predecessor museum, the Industrial Museum of Scotland, was founded with the intention of collecting the materials and processes of manufacture; that is, contemporary technologies and the tacit skills that went with them [1]. For a lot of...Swinbank, Ellie
museum, Scotland, decommissioning, industry, collection, and oil
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Journal article
Habitat requirements affect genetic variation in three species of mayfly (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from South Africa
This study investigates genetic diversity in three species of Ephemeroptera, one eurytopic and therefore widespread (Afroptilum sudafricanum) and two stenotopic and thus endemic (Demoreptus natalensis and Demoreptus capensis) species, all of which co-occur in the southern Great Escarpment, South Africa. Mitochondrial DNA was analysed to compare the genetic diversity between... -
Journal article
Metabarcoding unsorted kick-samples facilitates macroinvertebrate-based biomonitoring with increased taxonomic resolution, while outperforming environmental DNA.
While previous studies have highlighted the potential of DNA‐based methods for the biomonitoring of freshwater macroinvertebrates, a limited number have investigated homogenization of bulk samples that include debris, in order to reduce sample‐processing costs. This study explores the use of several DNA‐based survey methods for water quality and biodiversity assessment...Pereira‐da‐Conceicoa, Lyndall ; Elbrecht, Vasco ; Hall, Andie ; Briscoe, Andrew ; Barber‐James, Helen …
eDNA , South Africa, freshwater , next‐generation sequencing , and macroinvertebrates
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Journal article
First record of True’s beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus, in Britain
A female beaked whale, Family Ziphiidae, was reported as stranded on 29th January 2020 at Kearvaig Bay, Sutherland, Scotland. Examination of its skull confirms that this is the first recorded stranding of True’s beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus, in Britain.Kitchener, Andrew C ; Georg , Hantke ; Herman, Jeremy S ; ten Doeschate, Mariel ; Brownlow, Andrew C
skull, stranding, Ziphiidae, Mesoplodon mirusy, and pathology
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Journal article
A new Jerusalem ‘at the ends of the earth’: Interpretating Charles Thomas’s Excavations at Iona Abbey 1956–63
Iona was a major European intellectual and artistic centre during the seventh to ninth centuries, with outstanding illustrated manuscripts, sculpture and religious writings produced there, despite its apparently peripheral location ‘at the ends of the earth’. Recent theological discourse has emphasised the leading role of Iona, and particularly its ninth...Campbell, Ewan ; Maldonado, Adrián
early monasticism , Charles Thomas, Christianity , archaeology , ecclesiastical studies , and coenobitic monastery
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Journal article
The Excavation of Neolithic Pits and a Bronze Age Burial Site at Ness Gap, Fortrose
An investigation by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd took place in early 2013 in advance of a housing development at Ness Gap, Fortrose, Highland. The excavation revealed domestic activity dating from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. A cluster of Neolithic pits provided insights into the development of agriculture in...Woodley, Nuala C ; Lochrie, Julie ; Sheridan, J A ; Cowie, Trevor ; Christie, Claire
cremation, pits, metalwork , Burial, cinerary urn, cordoned urn, faience, and cist
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Journal article
Silba capsicarum (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), a newly recognized pest of chilli pepper in Java
The lonchaeid fly Silba capsicarum is recorded for the first time from the island of Java where it is considered a potential pest of chilli pepper. The taxonomy and ecology of the species is reviewed and comparisons are drawn with Lonchaeidae attacking Capsicum spp. in the Neotropics. Initial results on...MacGowan, Iain ; Rauf, Aunu
Pest species, Indonesia, Lonchaeidae, and Capsicum
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Journal article
Two new species of Silba (Diptera; Lonchaeidae) from Japan with unusual larval development sites
Two new species of Silba Macquart, 1851 namely Silba mitsuii sp. nov. and Silba fungicola sp. nov. are described from Japan. The adults of the first species were obtained from larvae found in the flower buds of Camellia japonica L. and of the second from fungal fruiting bodies. This is...MacGowan, Iain
fungi, Japan, new species, Diptera, Silba, Camellia, and Lonchaeidae
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Journal article
New data on lance flies (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) associated with figs (Moraceae, Ficus spp.) in Japan and Taiwan, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Silba Macquart
Larvae of the genus Silba Macquart, 1875 were obtained from the syconia of three different species of Ficus growing on the southern islands of Japan and Taiwan. Examination of the emerged adults identified four species, two of which are described as new to science: Silba erecta MacGowan and Arimoto sp....Arimoto, Kôichi ; MacGowan, Iain ; Su, Zhi-Hui
Taxonomy, Diptera, Ficus, Fig wasps, Lonchaeidae, and Predator
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Journal article
Hidden in Plain Sight: Comprehensive Molecular Phylogeny of Keroplatidae and Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera) Reveals Parallel Evolution and Leads to a Revised Family Classification
We provide the first molecular phylogeny of Keroplatidae and Lygistorrhinidae, families of fungus gnats (Diptera: Bibionomorpha: Sciaroidea). Phylogenies reconstructed by Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods, based on four nuclear and four mitochondrial gene markers (5106 base pairs) sequenced for 75 genera and 105 species, show Keroplatidae as monophyletic only with... -
Journal article
A rediscovered Lower Jurassic ichthyosaur skeleton possibly from the Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte, Somerset, UK
An almost complete ichthyosaur from the historically significant collection of fossils amassed by Somerset geologist, Charles Moore, is described. Available information suggests that it was collected from the Lower Lias of Somerset, UK. However, inspection of the surrounding matrix, which seems to be a nodule, indicates that the specimen may...Srdic, Alexander ; Beardmore, Susan ; Lomax, Dean R
Ichthyosauria, Charles Moore, Strawberry Bank, CT-scan, Stenopterygius, and Leptonectes
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Journal article
Comment on the letter of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) dated April 21, 2020 regarding “Fossils from conflict zones and reproducibility of fossil-based scientific data”: Myanmar amber
Recently, the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) has sent around a letter, dated 21st April, 2020 to more than 300 palaeontological journals, signed by the President, Vice President and a former President of the society (Rayfield et al. 2020). The signatories of this letter request significant changes to the common...Haug, J T ; Azar, D ; Ross, Andrew ; Blagoderov, Vladimir
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Journal article
Tempo and pattern of avian brain size evolution
Relative brain sizes in birds can rival those of primates, but large-scale patterns and drivers of avian brain evolution remain elusive. Here, we explore the evolution of the fundamental brain-body scaling relationship across the origin and evolution of birds. Using a comprehensive dataset sampling> 2,000 modern birds, fossil birds, and...Ksepka, Daniel T ; Balanoff, Amy M ; Smith, N Adam ; Bever, Gabriel S ; Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S …
neurobiology, co-variation, encephalization, endocast, allometry, paleontology, and aves
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Journal article
Inner ear sensory system changes as extinct crocodylomorphs transitioned from land to water
Major evolutionary transitions, in which animals develop new body plans and adapt to dramatically new habitats and lifestyles, have punctuated the history of life. The origin of cetaceans from land-living mammals is among the most famous of these events. Much earlier, during the Mesozoic Era, many reptile groups also moved...Schwab, Julia A ; Young, Mark T ; Neenan, James M ; Walsh, Stig A ; Witmer, Lawrence M …
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Journal article
Morphological and functional variation between isolated populations of British red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris)
Isolation due to habitat fragmentation can lead to morphological and functional variation between populations, with the effect being well documented in rodents. Here, we investigated whether such morphological variation could be identified between British populations of the Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). This species was once widespread across Great Britain,... -
Journal article
A mitochondrial genetic divergence proxy predicts the reproductive compatibility of mammalian hybrids
Numerous pairs of evolutionarily divergent mammalian species have been shown to produce hybrid offspring. In some cases, F1 hybrids are able to produce F2s through matings with F1s. In other instances, the hybrids are only able to produce offspring themselves through backcrosses with a parent species owing to unisexual sterility...Allen, Richard ; Ryan, Hannah ; Davis, Brian W ; King, Charlotte ; Frantz, Laurent …
evolution, gene flow, genetic distance, and hybrid
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Journal article
Skull morphology diverges between urban and rural populations of red foxes mirroring patterns of domestication and macroevolution
Human activity is drastically altering the habitat use of natural populations. This has been documented as a driver of phenotypic divergence in a number of wild animal populations. Here, we show that urban and rural populations of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from London and surrounding boroughs are divergent in skull...Parsons, K J ; Rigg, Anders ; Conith, A J ; Kitchener, Andrew C ; Harris, S …
Canidae , domestication, developmental bias , contemporary evolution, morphometrics, and urban ecology
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Journal article
Investigating infectious disease threats to the recovery of the European polecat in Britain
The European polecat (Mustela putorius) almost became extinct in Britain in the early twentieth century, but populations are now recovering. As seen in other endangered carnivore populations, disease is one potential threat to recovery. This study assessed exposure of wild polecats (n = 149) to three, multi-host pathogens which could limit reproduction...Heald, Kari-Anne ; Millins, Caroline ; Kitchener, Andrew C ; Banyard, Ashley C ; Hantke, Georg …
Mustela putorius , Leptospira , Toxoplasma gondii, and Canine distemper virus
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Journal article
Rapid evolution of the primate larynx?
Tissue vibrations in the larynx produce most sounds that comprise vocal communication in mammals. Larynx morphology is thus predicted to be a key target for selection, particularly in species with highly developed vocal communication systems. Here, we present a novel database of digitally modeled scanned larynges from 55 different mammalian...Bowling, Daniel L ; Dunn , Jacob C ; Smaers, Jeroen B ; Garcia, Maxime ; Sato , Asha …
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Journal article
Diverse vertebrate assemblage of the Kilmaluag Formation (Bathonian, Middle Jurassic) of Skye, Scotland
The Kilmaluag Formation on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, provides one of the richest Mesozoic vertebrate fossil assemblages in the UK, and is among the richest globally for Middle Jurassic tetrapods. Since its discovery in 1971, this assemblage has predominantly yielded small-bodied tetrapods, including salamanders, choristoderes, lepidosaurs, turtles, crocodylomorphs, pterosaurs,...Panciroli, Elsa ; Benson, Roger B J ; Walsh, Stig ; Butler, Richard J ; Castro, Tiago Andrade …
palaeontology , mammaliaforms , tetrapods, salamanders , Great Estuarine Group , and squamates
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Journal article
Aquatic habits and niche partitioning in the extraordinarily long-necked Triassic reptile Tanystropheus
Tanystropheus longobardicus is one of the most remarkable and iconic Triassic reptiles. Mainly known from the Middle Triassic conservation Lagerstätte of Monte San Giorgio on the Swiss-Italian border, it is characterized by an extraordinarily long and stiffened neck that is almost three times the length of the trunk, despite being... -
Journal article
First dinosaur from the Isle of Eigg (Valtos Sandstone Formation, Middle Jurassic), Scotland
Dinosaur body fossil material is rare in Scotland, previously known almost exclusively from the Great Estuarine Group on the Isle of Skye. We report the first unequivocal dinosaur fossil from the Isle of Eigg, belonging to a Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) taxon of uncertain affinity. The limb bone NMS G.2020.10.1 is...Panciroli, Elsa ; Funston, Gregory F ; Holwerda, Femke ; Maidment, Susannah C R ; Foffa, Davide …
Theropoda, histology, Bathonian , Sauropoda, Great Estuarine Group, and Thyreophora
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Journal article
Rearing records of two species of Hymenoptera: Braconidae (Macrocentrinae and Orgilinae) new to Britain
From material now in the National Museums of Scotland, the braconids Macrocentrus flavus Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1878 and Orgilus anurus Thomson, 1895 are recorded from Britain for the first time, based on reared material, and notes for their identification are given. The first of these is also recorded from Spain,...Shaw, Mark R
SPAIN, ORGILUS RUGOSUS, ORGILUS ANURUS, COLEOPHORA SPINELLA, and ACROBASIS SUAVELLAMACROCENTRUS FLAVUS
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Journal article
Two new European species of Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) parasitizing butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea), and an unrelated synonymy in the genus
Two new European species of Cotesia are described and illustrated. One (C. euchloevora Shaw, sp. nov.) was reared from Euchloe species and close relatives and also Aplocera efformata, and the other (C. parnassii Shaw, sp. nov.) was reared from Parnassius phoebus. Notes are given to distinguish them from congeners. The...Shaw, Mark R ; Fernandez-Triana, Jose L
COTESIA PILICORNIS, ZEGRIS, COTESIA CAJAE, PARNASSIUS, COTESIA PARNASSII SP. NOV, APLOCERA , COTESIA ACUTULA, EUCHLOE, BIOLOGY, and COTESIA EUCHLOEVORA SP. NOV
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Journal article
Ecology and Genetic Structure of the Parasitoid Phobocampe confusa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Relation to Its Hosts, Aglais Species (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
The biology of parasitoids in natural ecosystems remain very poorly studied, though they are key species for their functioning. Here we focused on Phobocampe confusa, a Nymphalini specialist, responsible for high mortality rates in charismatic butterfly species in Europe (genus Aglais). We studied its ecology and genetic structure in connection...Audusseau , Hélène ; Baudrin, Gaspard ; Shaw, Mark R ; Keehnen, Naomi L P ; Schmucki, Reto …
A. io, andscape heterogeneity, A. urticae , phenology, and genetic variation
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Journal article
An unusual papier-mâché replica of a fossil (?) from the Free Church of Scotland College collection
A puzzling item of hollow painted papier-mâché, apparently a replica of a fossil and purportedly made about 1837, was acquired by the then Royal Scottish Museum in 1966 from the Free Church of Scotland College, Edinburgh, presumably from the latter’s natural sciences teaching collection. It resembles a fossil reptile vertebra...Taylor, Michael A.
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Journal article
Phylogenetic reassignment of basal cyclostome braconid parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) with description of a new, enigmatic Afrotropical tribe with a highly anomalous 28S D2 secondary structure
A new tribe of braconid wasps provisionally included in the Rhyssalinae, Laibaleini trib. nov., type genus Laibalea gen. nov. (type species Laibalea enigmatica sp. nov.), from Kenya and the Central African Republic, is described. A molecular dataset, with emphasis on basally derived taxa based on four gene fragments (28S D2–D3... -
Journal article
Re-identification of the supposed True's beaked whaleMesoplodon mirusfrom Scotland
In the first week of January 1931 a beaked whale (Family Ziphiidae) stranded at Gierinish, South Uist, Outer Hebrides, was identified as a True's beaked whale Mesoplodon mirus. This stranding is referred to frequently in the cetacean literature, either directly or indirectly. Re‐examination of the skull of this specimen reveals...Kitchener, A. C. ; Herman, Jeremy S.
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Journal article
Stomach contents of northern bottlenose whales Hyperoodon ampullatus stranded in the North Sea
This paper presents information on the stomach contents of four northern bottlenose whales Hyperoodon ampullatus (Odontoceti: Ziphiidae) from the north-east Atlantic, an area for which there are few recent data on the feeding ecology of this species. Two of these whales were relatively recent strandings, a female stranded in August...Santos, M.B. ; Pierce, G.J. ; Smeenk, C. ; Addink, M.J. ; Kinze, C.C. …
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Journal article
Climate change and the cetacean community of north-west Scotland
1. Climate change is thought to affect the composition and structure of local ecological communities. We investigate whether ocean warming around north-west Scotland since 1981 has been associated with changes in the local cetacean community. 2. Analysis of strandings from 1948 to 2003 found that no new species per decade...MacLeod, Colin D. ; Bannon, Sarah M. ; Pierce, Graham J. ; Schweder, Caroline ; Learmonth, Jennifer A. …
Cetacean communities, Climate change, and Cetacean conservation
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Journal article
Taxonomic status and geographical cranial variation of common dolphins (Delphinus) in the eastern North Atlantic
The common dolphin has a widespread distribution and is relatively abundant in the temperate to subtropical waters of the eastern North Atlantic. However, it is not known whether different species, subspecies, or populations occur in this region. We examined 393 common dolphin skulls obtained from both stranded and bycaught individuals...Murphy, Sinead ; Herman, Jeremy S. ; Pierce, Graham J. ; Rogan, Emer ; Kitchener, Andrew C.
Common dolphin, Cetaceans, Morphometrics, Delphinus delphis, and Eastern North Atlantic
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Journal article
Genetic isolation of a now extinct population of bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus )
A number of dolphin species, though highly mobile, show genetic structure among parapatric and sometimes sympatric populations. However, little is known about the temporal patterns of population structure for these species. Here, we apply Bayesian inference and data from ancient DNA to assess the structure and dynamics of bottlenose dolphin...Nichols, Courtney ; Herman, Jeremy S. ; Gaggiotti, Oscar E ; Dobney, Keith M ; Parsons, Kim …
Population genetics, Ancient DNA, Metapopulation, and Marine mammal
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Journal article
Breaking symmetry: The marine environment, prey size, and the evolution of asymmetry in cetacean skulls
Macleod, C.D. ; Reidenberg, J.S. ; Weller, M. ; Santos, M.B. ; Herman, Jeremy S. …
Prey size, Stomach contents, Directional asymmetry, Toothed whales, Anatomy, and Skull morphology
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Journal article
My task - “Capturing” Miller’s legacy
This article is slightly adapted from a blog originally posted on the National Museum of Scotland website in October 2019. The Miller collection will be included in a tour of the Granton treasures given by NMS staff on 19th June as one of the prizes for winners of the latest...Donaldson, Sherri
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Journal article
Investigating the Traprain Law Roman treasure
National Museums Scotland has one of the most important late Roman treasures in Europe, the Traprain Treasure, found in 1919 on Traprain Law, East Lothian, a hill top some 20 miles east of Edinburgh. The treasure is the largest and most important hoard of late Roman silver from beyond the...Tate, Jim ; Troalen, Lore
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Journal article
The early evolution of the tappit hen
The recent discovery of three pewter tappit hen measures from the excavation of a ship sunk off Mull in 1653 has enabled us to deduce something of the origins of this eponymous Scottish measure. They are of Scots pint, chopin and half-mutchkin capacity, and they display several hitherto unrecognised features....Davies, Peter ; Dalgleish, George ; Lamb, David
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Journal article
From field to web: pre-entry point digitisation
Most digitisation workflows are focused on legacy material, due to the sheer number of objects already collected. However, it is just as important to develop protocols for digitisation of incoming material to reduce accumulation of an additional backlog. This is especially crucial with the advent of molecular collections and field...Blagoderov , Vladimir
databasing, tool, collections, and GPS
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Journal article
Renal accumulation of prooxidant mineral elements and CKD in domestic cats
Felids have a high incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which the most common renal lesion is chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN). CIN can be induced by tissue oxidative stress, which is determined by the cellular balance of pro- and anti-oxidant metabolites. Fish-flavoured foods are more often fed to cats...Alborough, R ; Grau-Roma, L ; de Brot, S ; Hantke, Georg ; Vazquez, S
Animal physiology , Element cycles , Kidney , and Kidney diseases
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Journal article
Population fragmentation leads to morpho-functional variation in British red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris)
It is well-known that population fragmentation and isolation can lead to rapid morphological and functional divergence, with the effect being particularly well-documented in rodents. Here, we investigated whether such a phenomenon could be identified in the Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), which was once widespread across the majority of Great...Cox, Philip G ; Morris, Philip J R ; Kitchener, Andrew C
Morphological evolution, masticatory biomechanics, Sciuridae, geometric morphometrics, and mechanical advantage
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Journal article
New specimen and revision of the late Jurassic teleosaurid 'Steneosaurus’ megarhinus.
Teleosaurids were a successful group of semi-aquatic crocodylomorphs that were an abundant part of coastal marine/lagoonal faunas during the Jurassic. Their fossil record suggests that the group declined in diversity and abundance during the Late Jurassic. 'Steneosaurus’ megarhinus (Hulke, 1871) from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation is a little known gracile...Foffa, Davide ; Young, Mark T ; Brusatte, Stephen L ; Steel, Lorna
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Journal article
Post-medieval settlement in the Isle of Lewis: a study in adaptability or change?
The work of historical geographers has produced a rich literature concerning medieval and later rural settlement in Scotland. This work has frequently been used in an uncritical manner by archaeologists studying this period, often to the exclusion of developing a suitable theoretical and methodological basis for archaeological research. These models...Campbell, Stuart
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Journal article
West Pans: excavations at a ceramic production site in Musselburgh, East Lothian
Excavations were undertaken in 1981 and 1990–1 at the site of the 18th-/19th-century ceramics manufacturing complex of West Pans, near Musselburgh. The foundations of several structures were uncovered although many proved impossible to interpret or date. Several puddling pits, most of them quite small, were identified, as was part of...Lewis, John ; Cobo del Arco, Belen ; Eremin, Katherine ; Forbes, Shiela ; Gallagher, Denis …
kiln, ceramics, William Littler, and puddling pits
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Journal article
Ceramic traditions - the evidence from clay sampling at two late prehistoric sites: Birnie (Moray) and Traprain Law (East Lothian), Scotland
Clay sampling in archaeological studies has predominantly been used to answer questions of the provenance of ceramic materials, but recent literature has increasingly focused on further issues concerning material choices and selection (e.g. Martineau et al. 2007). These studies have often highlighted social mechanisms behind the selection of clays and...Sahlén , Daniel
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Journal article
Mesolithic and Early Neolithic activity along the Dee: excavations at Garthdee Road, Aberdeen
Excavation on a gravel ridge beside the River Dee in Aberdeen revealed a small ovoid building of early Neolithic date. Not only does this add to the very small corpus of early Neolithic buildings yet excavated in Scotland, but the survival of floors and hearths also allows some analysis of...Murray, Hilary ; Murray, J Frances ; Ballin, Torben ; Cook, Gordon ; Cramp, Lucy …
radiocarbon dating , Early Neolithic buildings, and timber halls
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Journal article
A stelophorous statue in the collection of National Museums Scotland
A.1885.137 is a previously unpublished stelophorous statue in the collections of National Museums Scotland in Edinburgh. The following article provides a brief history and description of the object, translations of its inscriptions, discussions of its context within the wider object category (including the role of stelophorous statues in mediating solar...Scrivens, Edward
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Journal article
Museum during a crisis
These are strange times. As I write this (16th March 2020), the number of coronavirus or rather Covid-19 infections is rapidly increasing and I am uncertain whether our Museum, the National Museum of Scotland (NMoS), will even be open to the public this time next week. This 160 year old...Walcott, Rachel
Coronavirus, National Museums Scotland, National Museum of Scotland, and Covid-19
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Journal article
Annotated and illustrated world checklist of Microgastrinae parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae
A checklist of world species of Microgastrinae parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is provided. A total of 81 genera and 2,999 extant species are recognized as valid, including 36 nominal species that are currently considered as species inquirendae. Two genera are synonymized under Apanteles. Nine lectotypes are designated. A total of... -
Journal article
Iconic jewellery in space. Research on Modernist Nordic jewellery
Sarah Rothwell Curator of Modern & Contemporary Design, at the National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh has a special interest in Modernist Nordic jewellery, among other things. Her research included looking into the necklace and bracelet worn by Princess Leia in the 1977 film Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope,...Rothwell, Sarah
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Journal article
Discovery of the genus Venanides Mason 1981 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) in Europe, with description of a new species parasitizing Carcina quercana (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Peleopodidae
The small Microgastrinae genus Venanides is recorded from Europe (Netherlands, Germany and Czech Republic) for the first time, where one species, Venanides carcinae sp. nov., described here, proves to be a regular solitary parasitoid of Carcina quercana. Outline notes on its biology, phenology and abundance are given.Shaw, Mark R
NETHERLANDS, GERMANY, PHENOLOGY, VENANIDES CARCINAE, CZECH REPUBLIC, BIOLOGY, FAGUS, and QUERCUS
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Journal article
Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 2: Revision of the A. apicalis group
The West Palaearctic species of the Aleiodes apicalis group (Braconidae: Rogadinae) as defined by van Achterberg & Shaw (2016) are revised. Six new species of the genus Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838, are described and illustrated: A. carbonaroides van Achterberg & Shaw, sp. nov., A. coriaceus van Achterberg & Shaw, sp. nov.,...van Achterberg, Cornelis ; Shaw, Mark R ; Quicke, Donald L J
biology, host range, new species, West Palaearctic, distribution, Aleiodes apicalis group, phenology, key, and Europe
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Journal article
Supplement to the Burmese (Myanmar) amber checklist and bibliography, 2019
This is a supplement to Ross (2019) covering all taxa described or recorded in Burmese amber during 2019, plus a few earlier records that were missed previously. Up to the end of 2019, 1,478 species were recorded from Burmese (Kachin) amber of which 276 were named or recorded in 2019.Ross, Andrew J
invertebrates, Burmese amber, Myanmar , plants, insects , Cretaceous , vertebrates, protists, arachnids, General, and fungi
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Journal article
A guide to the fossil Decapoda (Crustacea: Axiidea, Anomura, Brachyura) of the British Isles
Ranging from the Jurassic to the Pleistocene, the fossil record of decapod crustaceans in the British Isles is extensive, comprised of 159 species (including those in open nomenclature) assigned to 101 genera. Preservation is variable, but most taxa are based upon carapace material; the study of disarticulated limb elements has...Collins, Joe S H ; Mellish, Claire J T ; Andrew J, Ross ; Crabb, Phillip R ; Donovan, Stephen K
Cenozoic, Systematics, Quaternary, Holocene, and Mesozoic
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Journal article
Scythes, sickles and other blades: defining the diversity of pectoral fin morphotypes in Pachycormiformes
The traditional terminology of ‘scythe’ or ‘sickle’ shaped is observed to be flawed as an effective descriptor for pectoral fin shape in pachycormids. The diversity of pachycormid pectoral fin shapes is assessed across the 14 recognised genera that preserve complete pectoral fins, and improved terms are defined to more effectively...Liston, Jeff
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Journal article
Cranial osteology of the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Martillichthys renwickae (Neopterygii, Pachycormiformes) with comments on the evolution and ecology of edentulous pachycormiforms
Our understanding of the ecology and phylogenetic relationships of Pachycormiformes, a group of Mesozoic stem teleosts including the iconic Leedsichthys, has often been hindered by a lack of comprehensive morphological information. Micro‐CT scanning of an articulated, although flattened, cranium of the edentulous Martillichthys renwickae from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Oxford...Dobson, Claire ; Giles, Sam ; Johanson, Zerina ; Liston, Jeff ; Friedman, Matt
Martillichthys , fossil , CT‐scanning , evolution, ecology , and Pachycormiformes
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Journal article
Diets of European polecat Mustela putorius in Great Britain during fifty years of population recovery
Following nineteenth-century declines, polecats Mustela putorius are recolonising Great Britain. Polecat diet relates to two potential risks to recovery. First, rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, which are important prey for polecats, have experienced extreme population fluctuations, with near extirpation due to myxomatosis in the 1950s, recovery in 1960s–1990s and declines in 1990s–2010s....Sainsbury, Katherine A ; Shore, Richard F ; Schofield, Henry ; Croose, Elizabeth ; Hantke, Georg …
Polecat, Diet, Species recovery, Rabbits, and Mustela putorius
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Journal article
Novel track morphotypes from new tracksites indicate increased Middle Jurassic dinosaur diversity on the Isle of Skye, Scotland
Dinosaur fossils from the Middle Jurassic are rare globally, but the Isle of Skye (Scotland, UK) preserves a varied dinosaur record of abundant trace fossils and rare body fossils from this time. Here we describe two new tracksites from Rubha nam Brathairean (Brothers’ Point) near where the first dinosaur footprint...dePolo, Paige E ; Brusatte, Stephen L ; Challands, Thomas J ; Foffa, Davide ; Wilkinson, Mark …
Theropoda, Jurassic period, Shale, Limestone, Sediment, Hip, Dinosaurs, and Toes
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Journal article
Notes on some Gold Coins of Gallienus and Saloninus
The coinage of the Valeianic dynasty (AD 253-68) is one for which, in recent years, it has proved impossible for any published reference catalogue to keep up with the number of new discoveries which are constantly being made.Holmes, N M McQ.
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Journal article
The development of Imperial Portraiture on the Coinage of Gallienus (AD 253-268)
Perhaps the chief element which distinguishes the coinage of the Roman emperors of the second half of the third century AD from that of their immediate predecessors is the wide variety of imperial portraits which were used, to greater or lesser extent, by all of them. Perhaps the most prolific...Holmes, N M McQ.
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Journal article
Scottish East Coast Transfer Printed Wares
In this paper I will use both extant examples and shards recovered archaeologically to highlight what evidence we have, for production of transfer printed wares, by the potteries situated between Portobello and PrestonpansHaggarty, George R
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Journal article
Italian pottery in Scotland
John Hurst, in his seminal paper on Italian pottery imported into Britain and Ireland, stated that ‘pottery datable between the thirteenth and twentieth centuries, has been found on over one hundred sites in Britain and Ireland but did not reach Scotland' (Hurst 1991, 212). In an attempt to up-date the...Haggarty, George R
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Journal article
Parasites: Battle for survival
A look at Scotland's historic - and current - role in medical research around tropical parasite diseases. By Sophie Goggins, Curator of Biomedical Sciences at National Museums ScotlandGoggins, Sophie
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Journal article
Applying genomic data in wildlife monitoring: Development guidelines for genotyping degraded samples with reduced single nucleotide polymorphism panels
The genomic era has led to an unprecedented increase in the availability of genome‐wide data for a broad range of taxa. Wildlife management strives to make use of these vast resources to enable refined genetic assessments that enhance biodiversity conservation. However, as new genomic platforms emerge, problems remain in adapting...von Thaden, Alina ; Nowak , Carsten ; Tiesmeyer, Annika ; Reiners, Tobias E ; Lyons, Leslie A …
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Journal article
Range-wide patterns of human-mediated hybridisation in European wildcats
Hybridisation between wild taxa and their domestic congeners is a significant conservation issue. Domestic species frequently outnumber their wild relatives in population size and distribution and may therefore genetically swamp the native species. The European wildcat (Felis silvestris) has been shown to hybridise with domestic cats (Felis catus). Previously suggested...Tiesmeyer, Annika ; Ramos, Luana ; Lucas, José Manuel ; Steyer, Katharina ; Alves, Paulo C …
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Journal article
The Spearhead of the Pennon …
In 1999, the late Professor Charles Thomas donated a Middle Bronze Age spearhead to the National Museum collection. This spearhead came with a label indicating that it was part of the pennant taken into the Battle of Flodden by Robert Chisholme in 1513. This paper investigates the likelihood that such...Knight, Matthew G ; Sheridan, J A
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Journal article
Special issue: Shaping Scientific Instrument Collections
There is an extensive literature on the history of what we now term scientific instruments. As a result, we know a great deal about how devices such as telescopes, clocks and astrolabes were made and used, especially those dating from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. Many of these artefacts...Alberti, S J M M
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Journal article
Disposal case study: National Museums Scotland
Tacye Phillipson explains why looking at past disposals can help inform future work.Phillipson, Tacye
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Journal article
The Anatolian glacial refugium and human-mediated colonization: a phylogeographical study of the stone marten (Martes foina) in Turkey
The Anatolian Peninsula, comprising most of modern Turkey, is situated at the junction of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Together with its complex geomorphological and climatic history, this has given rise to a rich fauna and flora, which exhibits a wide range of historical biogeographical patterns. The stone marten...Arslan, Yağmur ; Demi̇rtaş, Sadik ; Herman, Jeremy S ; Pustilnik, Jeremy D ; Searle, Jeremy B …
glacial refugium, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeography, Anatolia, and FGB7