Re-description of two contemporaneous mesorostrine teleosauroids (Crocodylomorpha: Thalattosuchia) from the Bathonian of England and insights into the early evolution of Machimosaurini

Abstract

• Teleosauroidea was a clade of successful, morphologically diverse, ancient crocodylomorphs that were integral in coastal marine/lagoonal environments during the Jurassic. Within Teleosauroidea, the macrophagous/durophagous tribe Machimosaurini evolved specialized feeding strategies (e.g. hypertrophied jaw musculature and blunt, heavily ornamented dentition) and large body sizes (> 7 m), becoming an important component of Middle and Late Jurassic ecosystems. These ocean-dwelling giants are well known from the Callovian (Lemmysuchus) of Europe and the UK, and from the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian (Machimosaurus) of Europe and northern Africa. There are reports of fragmentary machimosaurin material from the Bathonian of Africa, but the overall Bathonian teleosauroid material is poorly understood. While multiple specimens were described during the 19th and 20th centuries, little research has been done since. Here we re-describe two historically important Bathonian species from near Oxford, UK. We demonstrate that both ‘Steneosaurus’ larteti and ‘Steneosaurus’ boutilieri are valid taxa and we establish neotypes for both species and two new genera, Deslongchampsina and Yvridiosuchus. Our cladistic analysis finds Yvridiosuchus boutilieri as a basal member of Machimosaurini and Deslongchampsina lartetito be closely related to Steneosaurus heberti. Interestingly, four distinct teleosauroid ecomorphotypes are present in the Bathonian of Europe and teleosauroid ecomorphological diversity continued throughout the Callovian and Kimmeridgian/Tithonian in Europe and England.