Insects associated with birch

Abstract

• The entomology of birch in Britain (and to a lesser extent in Fennoscandia) is reviewed in broad ecological terms. In particular, the size of the associated fauna, the kinds of geographical distribution patterns seen for birch insects in Britain, birch defoliators, and the conservation needs of insects associated with birch in Scotland are considered. A closing section briefly outlines additional literature on the ecology of birch insects.